oa Addressing cardiovascular inequalities among indigenous Australians

References

1. United Nations. State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples. ST/ESA/328. New York: United Nations, 2009.
2. CSDH. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2008.
3. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The Health and Welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2008. Canberra: ABS and AIHW, 2008.
4. COAG Reform Council. National Indigenous Reform Agreement: performance report for 2009–10. Sydney: COAG Reform Council, 2011.
5. AIHW. Australia’s health 2008. Cat. no. AUS 99. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2008.
6. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2006 Census Australia. Cat No. 2001.0. Canberra: ABS, 2006.
7. Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The health and welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 2005. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2005.
8. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Contribution of chronic disease to the gap in mortality between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and other Australians. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2011.
9. World Health Organisation. The World Health Report 1997: Conquering suffering, enriching humanity. Geneva: WHO, 1997.
10. Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu S and Anand S.  Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: part I: general considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization. Circulation. 2001; 104::22, 2746–2753.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Finnegan Jr JR, Meischke H, Zapka JG, Leviton L, Meshack A and Benjamin-Garner R  et al.  Patient delay in seeking care for heart attack symptoms: findings from focus groups conducted in five U.S. regions. Prev Med. 2000; 31::3, 205–213.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Cardiovascular disease: Australian facts 2011. Cardiovascular disease series. Cat. no. CVD 53. Canberra: AIHW, 2011.
13. Access Economics. The Shifting Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Australia: Access Economics and The National Heart Foundation of Australia, 2005.
14. Australian Bureau of Statistics. The Health and Welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 2001.
15. AHMAC. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework Report 2010. Canberra: AHMAC, 2011.
16. Zhao Y and Dempsey K.  Causes of inequality in life expectancy between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in the Northern Territory, 1981–2000: a decomposition analysis. Medical Journal of Australia. 2006; 184::490–494.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Chronic disease and associated risk factors in Australia, 2006. Cat. No. PHE 81. Canberra: AIHW, 2006.
18. Brown A.  Acute coronary syndromes in indigenous australians: opportunities for improving outcomes across the continuum of care. Heart Lung Circ. 2010; 19::5–6, 325–336.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Australian Bureau of Statistics. National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey 2004–05. Cat. no. 4715.0. Canberra: ABS, 2006.
20. Penm E. Australian Institute of H, Welfare. Cardiovascular disease and its associated risk factors in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, 2004–05. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2008.
21. Britt H, Miller GC, Charles J, Henderson J, Bayram C and Harrison C et al. General practice activity in Australia 2007–08. Cat. no. GEP 22. Canberra: AIHW, 2008.
22. AIHW. GRIM (General Record of Incidence of Mortality) Books: Coronary heart disease. Canberra: AIHW, 2007.
23. Mathur S, Moon L and Leigh S et al. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with coronary heart disease: Further perpsectives on health status and treatment. AIHW Cat. No. CVD 34. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2006.
24. Brown A  et al.  Bridging the survival gap between indigenous and non-indigenous australians: priorities for the road ahead. Heart, Lung and Circulation. 2009; 18::2, 96–100.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Burns C. The Development of Cardiac Rehabilitation Services in the Top End. Darwin: National Heart Foundation of Australia, 2000.
26. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ôunpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A and Lanas F  et al.  Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004; 364::937–952.
    [Google Scholar]
27. Brown A, Walsh W, Lea T and Tonkin A.  What becomes of the broken hearted? Coronary heart disease as a paradigm of cardiovascular disease and poor health among health among Indigenous Australians [editorial]. Heart, Lung and Circulation. 2005; 14::3, 158–162.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Hoy WE, McFarlane R, Pugsley DJ, Norman R and Mathews JD.  Markers for cardiovascular and renal morbidity: expectations for an intervention programme in an Australian aboriginal community. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1996; 23::8, S33-7.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Heart, Stroke and Vascular Diseases - Australian facts 2004. AIHW Cat No. CVD 27. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and National Heart Foundation of Australia (Cardiovascular Series No. 22). 2004.
30. Grove W, Andreasen N, McDonald-Scott P, Keeler M and Shapiro R.  Reliability studies of psychiatric diagnosis. Theory and practice. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981; 38::408–413.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Rowley K, Walker K and Cohen J  et al.  Inflammation and vascular endothelial activation in an Aboriginal population: relationships to coronary disease risk factors and nutritional markers. Medical Journal of Australia (MJA). 2003; 178::495–500.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Hoy WE, Wang Z, VanBuynder P, Baker PR, McDonald SM and Mathews JD.  The natural history of renal disease in Australian Aborigines. Part 2. Albuminuria predicts natural death and renal failure. Kidney Int. 2001; 60::1, 249–256.
    [Google Scholar]
33. O’Dea K and Rowley K.  Macrovascular disease risk factors and insulin resistance in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. J Diab Compl. 2002; 16::9–10.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu S and Anand S.  Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: Part II: variations in cardiovascular disease by specific ethnic groups and geographic regions and prevention strategies. Circulation. 2001; 104::23, 2855–2864.
    [Google Scholar]
35. Ford ES, Ajani UA, Croft JB, Critchley JA, Labarthe DR and Kottke TE  et al.  Explaining the decrease in U.S. deaths from coronary disease, 1980–2000. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356::23, 2388–2398.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Rowley KG, Daniel M, Skinner K, Skinner M, White GA and O’Dea K.  Effectiveness of a community-directed ‘healthy lifestyle’ program in a remote Australian aboriginal community. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2000; 24::2, 136–144.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Coory M and Walsh W.  Rates of percutaneous coronary interventions and bypass surgery after acute myocardial infarction in Indigenous patients. MJA. 2005; 182::507–512.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Shepherd F et al. Improving access to cardiac rehabilitation for remote Indigenous clients: North Queensland Rural Division of General Practice, 2000.
39. Braunwald E et al. al. e. ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for the Managemen of Patients with Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Taskforce on Practice Guidelines (Committe on the Managament of Patients with Unstable Angina), 2002.
40. Barron H, Michaels A, Maynard C and Every N  et al.  For the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Participants. Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors at discharge in patients with acute myocardial infarction in the United States: Data from the NRMI 2. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998; 32::2, 360–367.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Chew DP, Amerena J, Coverdale S, Rankin J, Astley C and Brieger D.  Current management of acute coronary syndromes in Australia: observations from the acute coronary syndromes prospective audit. Intern Med J. 2007; 37::11, 741–748.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Brown A.  Acute Coronary Syndromes in Indigenous Australians: Opportunities for Improving outcomes across the continuum of care. Heart, Lung and Circulation. 2010;(in press) .
    [Google Scholar]
43. Peiris DP, Patel AA, Cass A, Howard MP, Tchan ML and Brady JP  et al.  Cardiovascular disease risk management for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in primary health care settings: findings from the Kanyini Audit. Med J Aust. 2009; 191::6, 304–309.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Brown A, Togni S, Warren S, Jennings G and Dart A. 5 Year Cardiac Services Strategy for Central Australia. Alice Springs: Baker IDI on Behalf of the Alice Springs Hospital Cardiac Services Steering Committee, 2010.
45. Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Horton R, Adams C, Alleyne G and Asaria P  et al.  Priority actions for the non-communicable disease crisis. Lancet. 2011; 377::9775, 1438–1447.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Strong K, Mathers C, Leeder S and Beaglehole R.  Preventing chronic diseases: how many lives can we save?. Lancet. 2005; 366::9496, 1578–1582.
    [Google Scholar]
47. Shemesh T, Rowley KG, Piers LS, Best JD and O’Dea K.  Low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol is the most prevalent metabolic abnormality for Australian Aboriginal men and women even when lean. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008; 15::1, 49–51.
    [Google Scholar]
48. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The relationship between overweight, obesity and cardiovascular disease: a literature review prepared for the National Heart Foundation of Australia. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2004:1–78.
49. Rowley K, O’Dea K, Anderson I, McDermott R, Saraswati K and Tilmouth R  et al.  Lower than expected morbidity and mortality for an Australian Aboriginal population: 10-year follow-up in a decentralised community. MJA. 2008; 188::5, 283–287.
    [Google Scholar]
50. Rowley KWK and Cohen J  et al.  Inflammation and vascular endothelial activation in an Aboriginal population: relationships to coronary disease risk factors and nutritional markers. Medical Journal of Australia (MJA). 2003; 178::495–500.
    [Google Scholar]
51. Dunstan DW, Zimmet P, Welborn T, Sicree R, Armstrong T and Atkins R et al. Diabesity & Associated Disorders in Australia—2000. The Accelerating Epidemic. The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Melbourne: International Diabetes Institute, 2001.