1887
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Qatar Medical Journal
  4. Volume 2023, Issue 3
  5. Article
Volume 2023, Issue 3
  • ISSN: 0253-8253
  • EISSN: 2227-0426

Abstract

Background: The incidence of stroke in the Middle East is high, given its relatively young population. Smoking is a well-recognized risk factor for ischaemic stroke, and its high regional prevalence may partly account for this increased stroke risk. This research aims to determine whether young male South Asian migrants in Qatar were adversely affected by stroke depending on their smoking status.

Methods: Data from the ongoing international prospective BRAINS study was analysed. Male South Asian migrants to Qatar with a history of ischaemic stroke were recruited. Multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of comorbidities, such as BMI, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol consumption, and ischemic heart disease, on the association of age of stroke onset and smoking status.

Results: We identified 778 (mean age 49.5±10.2) migrant male workers of South Asian descent with ischaemic stroke in Qatar, of which 41.3% of the sample were current smokers. Compared to non-smokers, current smokers suffered a stroke 2.03 years earlier (95%CI: 0.60–3.46, =0.005). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that only current smoking status was associated with an earlier age of stroke onset (=2.03, SE=0.74, =0.006).

Conclusion: Smoking is associated with at least a two-year earlier onset of ischaemic stroke in male South Asian migrants to the Middle East. Our study has important implications for the public health management of migrants in host countries.

© 2023 Khan, Ken-Dror, Ly, Al Hail, Deleu, Ali, Al Hussein, Abuzaid, Sharif, Sharma, licensee HBKU Press.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2023.23
2023-09-07
2024-08-31
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/qmj/2023/3/qmj.2023.23.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2023.23&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Planning and Statistics Authority . Main results of the General Census of Population, Housing and Establishments 2020 Doha – Qatar.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. DataReportal . Digital 2022 Qatar. 2022. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-qatar
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bener A, Rahman YSA, Aleem EYA, Khalid MK. Trends and characteristics of injuries in the State of Qatar: Hospital-based study. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2012; 19:(4):368–72.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Bener A. Health status and working condition of migrant workers: Major public health problems. Int J Prev Med. 2017; 8::68.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Anand SS, Yusuf S, Vuksan V, Devanesen S, Teo KK, Montague PA, et al.. Differences in risk factors, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease between ethnic groups in Canada: The Study of Health Assessment and Risk in Ethnic groups (SHARE). Lancet. 2000; 356:(9226):279–84.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Francis J, Raghunathan S, Khanna P. The role of genetics in stroke. Postgrad Med J. 2007; 83:(983):590–5.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Khan F. Genetics of stroke in Qatar: Current situation and future opportunities. Eastern J Med Sci. 2021; 6:((4)):1–3.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Khan FY, Yasin M, Abu-Khattab M, El Hiday AH, Errayes M, Lotf AK, et al.. Stroke in Qatar: A first prospective hospital-based study of acute stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008; 17:(2):69–78.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Khan FY. Risk factors of young ischemic stroke in Qatar. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2007; 109:(9):770–3.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Yadav S, Schanz R, Maheshwari A, Khan MS, Slark J, de Silva R, et al.. Bio-Repository of DNA in stroke (BRAINS): A study protocol. BMC Med Genet. 2011; 12::34.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Cotlarciuc I, Khan MS, Maheshwari A, Yadav S, Khan FY, Al-Hail H, et al.. Bio-repository of DNA in stroke: A study protocol of three ancestral populations. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis. 2012; 1:(4):cvd.2012.012019.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Zhou X-H, McClish DK, Obuchowski NA. Statistical methods in diagnostic medicine. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2011.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Faraggi D, Reiser B. Estimating the area under the ROC curve. Stat Med. 2002; 21:(20):3093–106.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Pan B, Jin X, Jun L, Qiu S, Zheng Q, Pan M. The relationship between smoking and stroke: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019; 98:(12):e14872.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Derdeyn CP. Mechanisms of ischemic stroke secondary to large artery atherosclerotic disease. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2007; 17:(3):303–11.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Biswas N, Sangma MA. Serum LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) as a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Mymensingh Med J. 2016; 25:(3):425–32.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Oladiran O, Nwosu I. Stroke risk stratification in atrial fibrillation: A review of common risk factors. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2019; 9:(2):113–20.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Stroke Association . Smoking and the risk of stroke. 2017. https://www.stroke.org.uk/sites/default/files/smoking_and_the_risk_of_stroke.pdf
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Chiolero A, Faeh D, Paccaud F, Cornuz J. Consequences of smoking for body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008; 87:(4):801–9.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Stein JH, Asthana A, Smith SS, Piper ME, Loh W-Y, Fiore MC, et al.. Smoking cessation and the risk of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose: Three-year outcomes after a quit attempt. PLoS One. 2014; 9:(6):e98278.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Virdis A, Giannarelli C, Neves MF, Taddei S, Ghiadoni L. Cigarette smoking and hypertension. Curr Pharm Des. 2010; 16:(23):2518–25.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Mostofsky E, Burger MR, Schlaug G, Mukamal KJ, Rosamond WD, Mittleman MA. Alcohol and acute ischemic stroke onset: The stroke onset study. Stroke. 2010; 41:(9):1845–9.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Samokhvalov AV, Irving HM, Rehm J. Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2010; 17:(6):706–12.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Banerjee S, Biram R, Chataway J, Ames D. South Asian strokes: Lessons from the St Mary’s stroke database. QJM. 2010; 103:(1):17–21.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Heuschmann PU, Grieve AP, Toschke AM, Rudd AG, Wolfe CDA. Ethnic group disparities in 10-year trends in stroke incidence and vascular risk factors: The South London Stroke Register (SLSR). Stroke. 2008; 39:(8):2204–10.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Yang JJ, Yu D, Wen W, Shu X-O, Saito E, Rahman S, et al.. Tobacco smoking and mortality in Asia: A pooled meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019; 2:(3):e191474.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Islam MS, Rashid M, Sizear MI, Hassan R, Rahman M, Parvez SM, et al.. Cigarette smoking and associated factors among men in five South Asian countries: A pooled analysis of nationally representative surveys. PLoS One. 2022; 17:(11):e0277758.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Fischer F, Kraemer A. Meta-analysis of the association between second-hand smoke exposure and ischaemic heart diseases, COPD and stroke. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15::1202.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Hackshaw A, Morris JK, Boniface S, Tang J-L, Milenković D. Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: A meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports. BMJ. 2018; 360::j5855.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Becker E, Boreham R, Chaudhury M, Craig R, Deverill C, Doyle M, et al.. Health Survey for England - 2004: Health of ethnic minorities. In: Sproston K, Mindell J, eds. Vol. 1. London: The Information Centre; 2004. 1–435.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Constance J, Lusher JM, Murray E. The use of smokeless tobacco among UK South Asian communities. MOJ Addict Med Ther. 2019; 6:(2):49–53.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Rahman M, Fukui T. Bidi smoking and health. Public Health. 2000; 114:(2):123–7.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Roth MA, Aitsi-Selmi A, Wardle H, Mindell J. Under-reporting of tobacco use among Bangladeshi women in England. J Public Health. 2009; 31:(3):326–34.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Singh PK, Jain P, Singh N, Singh L, Kumar C, Yadav A, et al.. Social desirability and under-reporting of smokeless tobacco use among reproductive age women: Evidence from National Family Health Survey. SSM Popul Health. 2022; 19::101257.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Whincup PH, Gilg JA, Emberson JR, Jarvis MJ, Feyerabend C, Bryant A, et al.. Passive smoking and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: Prospective study with cotinine measurement. BMJ. 2004; 329:(7459):200–5.
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2023.23
Loading
Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for ischaemic stroke in young South Asian male migrants to Qatar: The BRAINS study
Qatar Medical Journal 2023, 23 (2023); https://doi.org/10.5339/qmj.2023.23
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2023.23
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2023.23
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): cigarette smoking, Ischaemic stroke, migrants and South Asian

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error