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Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings Volume 2016 Issue 1
- Conference date: 22-23 Mar 2016
- Location: Qatar National Convention Center (QNCC), Doha, Qatar
- Volume number: 2016
- Published: 21 March 2016
51 - 100 of 656 results
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Synthesis and Characterization of Soluble Thiophene-, Selenophene- and Tellurophene-Vinylene Copolymers
More LessAuthors: Somnath Dey, Yang Han, Siham Y Al-Qaradawi, Hassan S Bazzi, Martin Heeney and Mohammed Al-HashimiOrganic electronic devices based on polymers received significant attention in the last decade, especially for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and field-effect transistors (OFETs) despite their performances and stability clearly falling short of today's state-of-the-art crystalline silicon or copper indium germanium selenide (CIGS)-based devices. Flexibility in the manufacturing, light weight, lower fabrication cost, ease of integration into v Read More
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Using Supply/Demand Graphs Based Models for Maximizing Fault Resistance in Smartgrids
More LessIn the recent years there has been a growing interest in electric systems which integrate communication, control, and sensing technologies to efficiently shape the electricity consumption also known as smartgrids. It has been shown that if such a system is organized into a network of interconnected microgrids there is a vast number of positive effects. The basic idea of this approach is to separate the electrical grid int Read More
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Application of Osmotic Concentration for Volume Reduction of Produced/Process Water from Gas-Field Operations
More LessAuthors: Samer Adham, Ana Santos, Joel Minier-Matar, Altaf Hussain, Arnold Janson, Rong Wang and Anthony G. FaneIn order to ensure long-term sustainability of the reservoir, the gas industry in Qatar is faced with the challenge of reducing the volume of produced and process water (PPW) sent to disposal wells by 50% [1-3]. Recently, Qatargas initiated a project to recycle process water and thus, reduce disposal volumes using commercial advanced water treatment technologies [4]. One emerging technology, “osmotic concentrati Read More
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Cold Plasma as Effective Tool for Aluminum Surface Cleaning
More LessAuthors: Anton Popelka and Igor KrupaAluminum (Al) is heavily used to manufacture structural parts in the aeronautic, railway, automotive or naval industries because of its lightness and its corrosion resistance [1]. One of the most popular uses of Al is in the packaging industry. Moreover, it plays a main role in the construction, such as aluminum composite panel. The surface properties (surface energy, roughness and surface chemistry) of Al are critically important i Read More
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Qatari Waters Hold Scientific Treasures: Discovery of a New Extremophile Plankton Organism in the Khor Al-Adaid (Inland Sea)
More LessThe Khor Al-Adaid “Inland sea” in Qatar is a unique desert lagoon, located in the South east of Qatar and is characterized by a distinct salinity gradient (ca. 4% halite salt to saturated conditions). In the framework of the QNRF funded NPRP project, researchers from Qatar, Germany and Austria have succeeded to isolate and cultivate a new unicellular eukaryote (protist) from Qatar's unique Inland Sea (Khor Al-Adaid). Initi Read More
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Feasibility Study on an Efficient Electricity Tariff Solution for Renewable Energy Initiative of Qatar
More LessBy Zhaohui CenComparing Qatar with some developed countries such as Unite States and Europe, electricity price in Qatar is ultra-low because most of electricity is produced from low-cost gas and subsides are offered by the goverment. With facing this truth, it is very important to keep in mind that current electricity tariff is neither sustainable nor energy-saving due to oil price down, and also it will cause more and more electricity waste and Read More
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Smart Energy Efficient Air-Conditioning System
More LessGCC's climate has a high ambient temperatures throughout most of the year, therefore, the air conditioning is not optional or luxury, it is a necessity. Residential sector in those countries represents the largest portion of electricity consumption. According to Qatar National Development Strategy (QNDS) 2011-2016, two-thirds (67 percent) of total residential power consumption in Qatar is due to air conditioning units (AC), Read More
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Inorganic Porous Materials Based Epoxy Self-Healing Coatings
More LessAuthors: P Poornima Vijayan and Mariam Ali S A Al-MaadeedThe long-term stability of protective coating for metal is critically important for structural applications [1, 2]. Self-healing ability extend the service life of protective coatings leading to a significant reduction in maintenance cost for oil and gas pipe lines and structural parts in civil and construction industry. Recently, the self-healing technology based on healing agent loaded containers has been receiving attention [3, 4] Read More
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Analysis of Partial Electrocoalescence by Level-Set and Finite Element Methods
More LessThe coalescence of a water drop in a dieletric oil phase at a water layer interface in the presence of an electric field is simulated by solving the Navier-Stokes and charge conservation equations with the finite element method. The proprietary software Comsol Multiphysics is used for this purpose. The interface between the oil and water phases is tracked by implementing a level-set approach. Preliminary simulations to as Read More
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Characterisation and Classification of Daily Sky Conditions Between the 23rd and 27th Parallel North for Improved Energy Security
More LessThe installed capacity of grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) systems around the globe is increasing rapidly due to the need for clean, sustainable and fuel independent energy. The PV technology is already a major part of the energy mix in many developed and developing countries. The electricity generated from these systems heavily depends on the prevailing weather conditions and is directly related to the available solar irradian Read More
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Laboratory Scale Arrangement for Experimental Studies of Drill-String Motions
More LessAuthors: Meryem Kanzari, Mohamed Youssef Al-Qaradawi and Balakumar BalachandranBackground & Objectives Drilling systems are used to identify geological reservoirs and carry out extraction of oil or natural gas from these reservoirs. Deep wells are drilled by using rock-cutting tools driven from the surface by a slender structure of pipes called a drill string. These slender rotating structures can experience undesired dynamics, which can be detrimental to the drilling system. As an example, it is me Read More
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Transient PV System Models for Power Quality Studies
More LessIn recent years, increasing concerns about climate change and the liberalisation of the energy market have provided the necessary impetus for a revolutionary restructuring of the electricity network. Traditional power networks are designed to operate in a passive and unidirectional way as their main functionality encompasses the transfer of energy from the power stations to the customer, with minimum loss. Increased ele Read More
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New Selective Adsorbent from Modified Waste Nylon-6 Microfibers for Removal of Boron from Waters
More LessAuthors: Teo Ming Ting and Mohamed Mahmoud NasefThe wide spread application of boron in various industries such as glass and fiberglass, ceramics, abrasives, detergents and soaps, fertilizer, enamels, insecticides, semiconductors, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals has left many surface and waste water streams polluted. Thus, there is a growing global demand for new chelating materials and efficient separation systems for removal of boron from different water streams. Read More
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Identifying Optimal Design of Office Buildings Using Harmony Search Optimization Algorithm
More LessAuthors: Somayeh Asadi, Ehsan Mostavi and Djamel BoussaaEnergy is an expensive and scare resource and the world faces an energy crisis given our dependence on the limited supply of fossil fuels. Similar to other countries, in Qatar, energy consumption and the subsequent production of greenhouse gas emissions are becoming a major challenge that the society is facing. Recent statistics in Qatar indicated that the per-capita use of electricity and production of CO2-emission has be Read More
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Fungal Diversity in the Arabian Gulf Surrounding Qatar: New Species of Yeasts and Molds
More LessThe Arabian Gulf surrounding Qatar is a unique marine environment with high insolation and salinity. Over 2000 strains of yeasts and filamentous fungi were isolated during 4 samplings in the context of a QNRF funded NPRP project. Approximately 1200 of the isolates were yeasts and over 800 were molds. All isolates were identified by molecular barcodes based on the ribosomal DNA. In addition the yeast isolates were also iden Read More
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Sensitive Spectroscopic Analysis of Isotopes for Characterization of Crude Oil and Well Gas Samples
More LessAuthors: Necati Kaya, Jahanur Rahman, James Strohaber, Mahmood Amani and Hans SchuesslerOilfield reservoir characterization with a nonradioactive Kr isotope tracers with collinear fast beam laser spectroscopy (CFBLS) has been developed in our laboratory and has unprecedented sensitivity, selectivity and dynamic range. It provides efficient method of reservoir mapping, which is much safer than commercially available radioactive isotope based enhanced oil recovery approaches. Our approach can be used in far Read More
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Nature-Inspired Conjugated Molecules for Future Organic Solar Cell Materials
More LessAuthors: Haw-Lih Su, Hugo Bronstein, Tobin Marks, Hassan Bazzi and Mohammed Al-HashimiIn 2009, the average energy consumption was about 16.1 TW. 81 % of it was supplied by non-renewable fossil fuels with emission of 29 × 1012tons of the carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere.1 Predicting the rise of energy consumption, the world is facing an urgent need for environmentally friendly and renewable energy technologies. As the direct exploitation of the ultimate energy source of the earth surfac Read More
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Synthesis and Applications of Novel Ladder Polymers for Organic Solar Cells
More LessAuthors: Dhananjaya Patra, Jongbok Lee, Hassan S. Bazzi, Lei Feng and Mohammed Al-HashimiGlobal environmental and resource concerns dictate that future energy supply and security will become increasingly dependent upon the development of accessible, sustainable and scalable energy technologies. State-of-art polymer solar cells (PSCs) has been considered as one of the renewable important technologies which can harvest solar energy from sunlight to generate electricity. Intensive research efforts from Read More
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Morphology, Photoluminescence and Photovoltaic Properties of Laser Processed ZnO/carbon Nanotube Nanohybrids
More LessAuthors: Brahim Aissa and Abdelhak BelaidiOne-dimensional nanoscale materials continue to attract much attention, not only for a better understanding of the physical properties at low dimensionality, but also for their potential in nanodevice applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are of particular interest because of their unique molecular geometry and of their excellent electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. Various carbon nanostructures have been su Read More
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Quantification of Managed Aquifer Recharge using Passive Thermal Tomography
More LessAuthors: Chris Lowry, Thomas Glose and Elsayed FerganyManaged aquifer recharge focuses on increasing the availability of potable water within the subsurface. Under managed aquifer recharge, recycled or excess water is diverted into large infiltration basins that allow water to percolate into the subsurface thus increasing the volume of water within the shallow aquifer. Water can then be extracted during periods of increased demand and provided water security. This widely used tech Read More
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The Role of Gene Banks to Preservation Plant Genetic Resources for Combat Food Insecurity in Qatar
More LessAuthors: Elsayed Mohamed Elazazi and Salwa D. Al-KuwariQatar is firmly committed to conserving its biodiversity and is party to the Convention on Biological Diversity and within this the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), and has developed its own National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). Based on an assessment of the status of biodiversity in the country, Qatar's NBSAP identified a total of 11 strategic goals that identify the most pressing biodiversity issu Read More
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Reduced LPV Modeling and Control of a Solution Copolymerization Reactor
More LessAuthors: Nader Meskin, Sandy Rahme, Roland Toth and Javad MohammadpourControlling the operation of polymer reactors is a highly important task that aims at maximizing the production rate and the product quality and also minimizing the transition losses due to the high consumer demands, as well as the tight market competition for producing different grades of polymers. However, the control design task is nontrivial due to the nonlinear behavior of polymer reactor systems which exhibit strong d Read More
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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Populus Sibirica Seedlings in a Desertification Area, Mongolia
More LessAuthors: Yowhan Son, Hanna Chang, Seung Hyun Han, Jiae An and Ji Soo KimArid and semi-arid areas where desertification mainly occurs cover up to 40? of the world's land area. Mongolia is one of the arid and semi-arid areas, which 90? of the land is in effect of desertification. The government of Mongolia recognizes the need of afforestation for combating desertification, however, there are very limited practical afforestation techniques in Mongolia. Nitrogen fertilization, a major technique f Read More
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Carbon Emissions Policies and its Impact on the Design of Supply Chains
More LessAuthors: Shaligram Pokharel, Zhitao Xu and Adel ElomriCarbon emission is a concern across the industry due to its environmental impact. In order to reduce carbon emissions, industry have to look not only at their processes but also in the generation of emissions in the whole supply chain that it belongs to. This is more necessary when various forms of carbon emissions policies are faced by the industry. The current focus on research is either in the economics of supply chain or Read More
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Exceptionally High CO2 Capturing Capacity of Porous Organic Polymers
More LessAuthors: Ruh Ullah Saleh, Mert Atilhan and Cafer T YavuzPre-combustion flue gas capture has been emerged as an efficient alternative to circumvent the costly procedures of materials regeneration utilized by the energy industry for CO2 capture and separation. Stability of the porous structure and repeated use at high pressure and high temperature are among the essential requirements for the efficient materials to be used for industrial level CO2 separation. Herein we r Read More
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Polyisobutylene (PIB)-NHC Supported Catalysts for Cross-Coupling Reactions: A Green and Sustainable Protocol
More LessN-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs): Over the last two decades N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have immensely attracted chemists in nearly all fields of chemistry. N-Heterocyclic carbenes are commonly encountered in coordination chemistry, they are extensively used as ligands for organometallic complexes. Perhaps the biggest hit of NHCs ligands was their use in Grubbs II catalyst for olefin metathesis chemistry. It i Read More
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Effect of Salinity on the Viscosity of Water Based Drilling Fluids at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures
More LessDue to the continued growth in hydrocarbon demand, operators in the oil and gas industry are always looking to drill deeper wells in order to access previously unattainable hydrocarbons. High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) wells are now broadly present in places like the Gulf of Mexico, the North Sea, and the Middle East. At such conditions, the effect of salts on the properties and performance of water-based dril Read More
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Center for Advanced Materials, Contribution to “Research for the Future” Road Map at Qatar University The Journey from 2008 to 2015
More Less“Research for the future” is the roadmap of research at Qatar University for 2014–2019 [i]. It identifies the research priority themes based on Qatar's needs and on National Development Strategy 2011–2016. The following themes are the research priorities of Qatar University 1) Energy, Environment and Resource Sustainability, 2) Social Change and Identity, 3) Population, Health and Wellness and 4) Information and Com Read More
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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Silica-Nanoparticles and their Applications for the Removal of Pesticides from Aqueous Solution
More LessAuthors: Khalid A. Al-Saad, Ahmed A. Ramadan, Md F Rakib and Abdullah A. Abul Baker1. Abstract: Silica nanoparticles functionalized with three different active functional groups (C-8, cyano-propyl, and methacrylate (MA)) were synthesized, characterized and applied for the removal of ten carbamate pesticides from aqueous solution. Two methods were used for the synthesis of functionalized silica (grafting and sol-gel method). SEM, FTIR, and HCN were used for the characterization of the particles, w Read More
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Extraction and Analysis of Carbamate and Pyrethroid Pesticides in Tomatoes and Rice by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
More Less1. Abstract: This work aimed to explore common methods for the extraction of pesticide and to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis by gas chromatography coupled with electron impact mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS). Extraction was conducted using QuEChERS and Liquid–Liquid (L–L). Calibration curve and standard addition curve were both plotted for different concentration of mixtures. Additionally, the efficiency of Read More
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CFD Simulations of Abnormal Flow in Horizontal Pipes for Offshore Hydrocarbon Transport
More LessAuthors: Ibraheem Adetunji Adeoti, Mohammad Dadashzadeh and Mohmmad A. RahmanIntroduction: Industrial pipelines for multiphase transportation can result in unstable flows which often cause major operational problems. Due to liquid wave growth and phase interactions (hydrodynamic slugs), liquid arriving in larger, intermittent chunks may cause flow instabilities in pipelines. At an increased air volumetric flow rate, the surface wave amplitudes become larger to the pipe/conduit and wave forms frot Read More
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Implementation of Rooftop Solar in Qatar: Lessons Learnt from SolarCity Business and Finance Models in the U.S.
More LessAuthors: Mohamed Atta ElManan Alhaj and Dr Alex AmatoQatar is a country with huge potential for solar energy applications due to its reasonably high global horizontal radiation value. Further, solar energy can be used to reduce the demand on fossil-fuel generated electricity hence creating more revenues for Qatar from its natural gas resources. Currently, the residential sector consumes 57% of the total electricity consumption in Qatar. Moreover, Qatar has one of the Read More
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Modeling the Impact of Weather Conditions on the Generation Output of PV-DGs
More LessAuthors: Islam Safak Bayram and Hamed Mohsenian-RadPhotovoltaic distributed generation (PV-DG) systems are one of the fastest-growing types of renewable energy resources being integrated worldwide onto distribution networks. As the price of solar cells continues to decrease, residential and utility-scale PV installations are becoming popular energy options in the United States and other Western countries. Similarly, in line with the National Vision 2030, Qatar is aiming Read More
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Anthropogenic Radioisotopes in the Topsoil of Qatar: Is it Something to Worry About?
More Less1. Background Depleted uranium (DU) has been used extensively during weapons testing and recent military conflicts. All three main isotopes of U (235U, 236U, 238U) are radioactive. The firing of depleted uranium (DU) weapons during conflicts and military testing has resulted in the deposition of DU in a variety of sand-rich environments. Iraq, a near neighbor to Qatar, has received extensive (400 tons) DU contamination from t Read More
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Combustion Characteristics and Emissions of a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine Fueled with GTL Fuel Blends
More LessAuthors: Samer F. Ahmed, Abdellatif M. Sadiq, Mohamed T. Gergawy and Mohamed A. BassionyI. Introduction Gas to Liquids (GTL) is one of clean alternative fuels which loosely defined terms that is generally used to describe the chemical conversion of natural gas to some type of liquid products. As such, it excludes the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG), but includes the conversion of gas to methanol, liquid fuels, and petrochemicals, being the most common applications. In other words, Gas to liquids (GT Read More
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Natural Dyes in Cyanide and Anion Sensing
More LessAuthors: Yousef Hijji, Hala Sultan Al Easa and Mahmoud AbdelRasoulCyanide is one of anions of concern due to its high toxicity. It causes death at a low dosage (2.6 mM) and the allowable level should be lower than 1.9 mmolar according to World health Organization (WHO). Cyanide contamination in the environment comes from many sources as metallurgy, gold mining, cyanide fishing, manufacturing acrylonitriles and related polymers, and natural sources. Cyanide also is present in some fo Read More
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Effects of Particle Speed on Erosive Wear Behaviour of API X120 Pipeline Steel
More LessAuthors: R. A. Shakoor, Paul Okonkwo and A. M. MohamedThe need of transporting petroleum products has resulted in increased erosion of pipeline steel components. For decades, pipeline systems have been used for transporting petroleum products. Carbon steel is commonly used for constructing long-distance pipeline projects due to its mechanical durability and economic aspect. However, the erosion of oil and gas transmission pipeline continues to be a great concern t Read More
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Enhancing the Quality of “Produced Water” by Activated Carbon
More LessThe main objective is to contribute via this study, in solving an environmental issue and helping Qatar in finding suitable water resources; useful in agriculture. Qatar faces diverse water challenges; the number one that threats here is scarcity as water is not renewable. Due to scarcity of good quality water, reusing of low quality and contaminated water is highly increasing in Qatar. The main source of water in Qatar is desalinat Read More
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Conversion of Organic Municipal Wastes into Biochars and their Effect on Fertility Parameters of Normal and Sabkha Soils of Qatar
More LessAuthors: Mohamed Ahmedna, Djaafar Rehrah, Rishipal Bansode and Osman A. HassanQatar is undergoing rapid economic growth fueled by its ambitious national vision 2030 which specifically aims to achieve sustainable development. To achieve the latter, durable and sustainable alternatives for municipal solid waste management are needed, especially since Qatar tops most nations in terms of per capita solid waste generation with nearly 2.5 million tons/year of which 60% consists of organic waste. Current di Read More
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Hot Spots for Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments and Benthic Organisms in the Coastal Water of Qatar
More LessAuthors: Yousria Soliman, Ibrahim Al Ansari, Jose Sericano and Terry WadeThe state of Qatar has a strategic location within the heart of the Arabian Gulf, the richest oil area in the world. Its extensive coastline (700 km) is experiencing some of the most radical environmental conditions in the world's oceans including extreme temperature, high UV irradiance as well as high evaporations. These extreme conditions are pushing many marine biota to function close to their physiological limits. On the top of Read More
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Effective Methods to Improvement Capparis Spinosa L. (Caper) Seeds Germination by Breaking Seed Dormancy in Qatar Gene Bank
More LessThis study to identify the best pre-treatments to improve seed germination of Capparis spinosa according to standard seeds germination protocols and seeds viability test methods. Capparis spinosa L. (Capparidaceae) Native to the Mediterranean region and Arabian Peninsula. Locally known ‘Shafallah’ and also known as ‘Caper’ both names used throughout the Arab countries for various Capparis species. The plant is very co Read More
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Urine Separation, Nitrification and Sewer-Discharge for Sewer Gas Control – Performance and Adaptation of a Urine Nitrifying Batch Reactor
More LessAuthors: Hamish R. Mackey and Guang-Hao ChenLack of sufficient oxygen within sewer networks leads to anaerobic bioprocesses occurring, including hydrolysed organic degradation by methanogensis and sulfate reduction. These anaerobic processes produce methane, a greenhouse gas twenty-one times more potent than carbon dioxide; and hydrogen sulfide, a toxic and corrosive gas responsible for severe sewer corrosion and public odour nuisance. These gases Read More
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Outdoor Testing in Qatar of PV Performance, Reliability and Safety
More LessAuthors: Ahmed Ennaoui, Ben Figgis and Diego Martinez PlazaAlthough PV has made remarkable progress in reducing costs, the absolute cost is highly related to the reliability of system components, which is determined by the life span in which PV remains fully functioning. Longer life is especially required for the solar panels when their initial cost is relatively high and therefore longer life guarantees their pay back and increases their profit. Indeed great efforts have been spent by m Read More
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Carbon-based Electrode Materials for Biotic Treatment of Wastewater and Saline Water
More LessAuthors: Dong Suk Han, Celal Erbay, Choongho Yu, Arum Han and Ahmed Abdel-WahabIn the past decades, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been intensively studied in order to provide sustainable and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment concurrent with energy harvesting. A highly porous, highly efficient, light-weight, and inexpensive 3D sponges consisting of interconnected carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were developed as anodes of MFCs in order to allow more efficient microbe-to-anode electron Read More
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Arabian Dugongs of Qatar: Updates from a Renewed Research Initiative
More LessAuthors: Christopher Warren, Jennifer Dupont, Christopher Marshall and Mehsin Al-AnsiDugongs (“bugarah al bahr” or “cow of the sea”) in Qatar and the wider Arabian Gulf, are animals of both historic and cultural significance to the people in the region. Historically hunted in Qatar, today they are seen as a symbol for conservation in a country that is trying to balance rapid modernization and coastal development with protection of marine biodiversity, as outlined in the Qatar National Vision 2030. Qatar and Read More
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Determination of Optimum Iron Requirement for Production of Microalgae Biomass as Biofuel Feedstock
More LessMicroalgae biomass is considered as one of the promising alternative feedstock for biofuel production. The biomass productivity of some of the microalgae can exceed an order of magnitude compared to any other terrestrial plant. Apart from nitrogen and phosphorus, iron is one of the major elements that must be provided to microalgae culture for high density biomass production. The amount of iron that is required pe Read More
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Smart Energy Management and Power Flow Control for Multi-Microgrids Interfacing with Utility Grid
More LessAuthors: Sertac Bayhan and Haitham Abu-RubNowadays, new trends have made possible to reconfigure the traditional power systems in a more efficient way while world energy consumption is being continuously increased. To meet future energy demands, a more flexible, smart and configurable power system is required. To create such systems, microgrids are emerging and becoming a more attractive solution. The microgrid is a weak grid formed with different energy s Read More
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Mechanical Behavior of a Novel Nanocomposite Polysulphone – Carbon Nanotubes Membrane for Water Treatment
More LessNowadays, global fresh water shortage is becoming the most serious problem affecting the economic and social development. Water treatment including seawater desalination and wastewater treatment is the main technology for producing fresh water. Membrane technology is favored over other approaches for water treatment due to its promising high efficiency, ease of operation, chemicals free, energy and space saving. Read More
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ATHLOC: Advanced Thin Film Hybrid Low Cost PV Towards Cost Reduction of PV Through Material Optimisation and Efficient Solar Cells
More LessThe solar photovoltaic industry is dominated by crystalline silicon with a global PV market share of 90%. The global PV module production has reached about 40 GW in 2013. Competing with Si PV, thin film photovoltaic modules have reached a market share just below 10%, with dominance by two companies: First Solar for CdTe and Solar Frontier for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2. Derived by the technological learning and economies of s Read More
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Study the Potential Use of Waste Water Grown Microalgae Biomass as Biofertilizer
More LessLiquid wastewater streams that contain nitrogen must be treated before being discharged into the environment to prevent eutrophication. Already there are several existing conventional treatment technologies that can remove the nitrogen from the wastewater in combination of multiple processes. Depending on the processes involved, a fraction of nitrogen will be released to the atmosphere. On the contrary, there are s Read More
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