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Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Volume 2011 Issue 1
- Conference date: 20-22 Nov 2011
- Location: Qatar National Convention Center (QNCC), Doha, Qatar
- Volume number: 2011
- Published: 20 November 2011
201 - 281 of 281 results
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Investigation of Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene Compositions on Aviation Turbine Altitude Ignition and Combustion Performance
Authors: Thomas Mosbach, Gregor C. Gebel, Patrick Le Clercq, Reza Sadr, Kumaran Kannaiyan and Ali Al-SharshaniAbstract The interest in using alternative fuels in commercial aviation has substantially grown, as it is anticipated to be the principal means of mitigating rising fuel costs, fuel supply security, and environmental impact of aviation. Synthetic paraffinic kerosenes (SPKs), such as gas-to-liquid (GTL) derived from the Fischer- Tropsch route using natural gas, have been approved by the ASTM International committee for use as su Read More
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Use of Surrogate Bends to Explore Performance-Composition Links for Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosines
Authors: Ali Alsharshani, Joanna Bauldreay and Paul BogersAbstract Fischer-Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosines (FT-SPKs), such as Gas-to- Liquids (GTL) Kerosine, are now accepted as suitable blend components for Jet fuel production, via ASTM D7566. This sets limitations on distillation profiles for the final fuel and neat SPK, and the cycloparaffin content of the neat SPK. SPKs, from FT and other production routes, can be envisaged that would fall outside these limits yet produce p Read More
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On the Conceptual Design of Integrated National Renewable Energy and Water Desalination Infrastructure Systems
Authors: Wajih Idriss, Patrick Linke and Hamad Al-ThaniAbstract The Qatar National Food Security Programme (QNFSP) is an initiative by the Heir Apparent of the State of Qatar, HH Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani, with the broad remit of developing a sustainable solution to the Nation's current food insecurity due to almost complete dependency on food imports. QNFSP develops a comprehensive solution that covers multiple dimensions from policies and regulations t Read More
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Kinetic Models for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over a Ru-Promoted Co/Al2O3 Catalyst in a Slurry Reactor
Authors: Tejas Bhatelia, Bransislav Todic, Dragomir Bukur, Wenping Ma, Burtron Davis and Gary JacobsAbstract Increasing oil prices, strict environmental regulations and lack of sufficient growth in renewable energy sector have led to renewed interest in Fischer- Tropsch technology. Improved understanding of reaction mechanisms and development of detailed kinetic models for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) would facilitate better design and optimization of all FTS reactor configurations. In this work, detailed kinetic mo Read More
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Condition-Based Maintenance for Systems with Dependent Failure Modes
Authors: Abdel Magid Hamouda, Khalifa Al-Khalifa, Elsayed Elsayed, David Coit and Liu XiaoAbstract Many complex maintainable systems are subject to multiple dependent failure modes. In this research, we introduce a new model for modeling the stochastically dependent time-to-maintenance and time-to-failure of different failure modes. The model is then utilized to obtain the optimum Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) schedules that maximizes the system availability over its life cycle, or, minimizes the long- Read More
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New Catalysts for Next Generations of Plastics
Authors: Manal Sami, Hind Mamlouk and Martine SlawinskiAbstract Plastics, which are basically polymer materials, are now an integral part of our daily lives: packaging, transport, textile, Hi-technology… Total Petrochemicals produces and develops useful lightweight and durable plastics that play a key role in the sustainable development of our world, making our lives easier, cleaner, safer and more enjoyable. These products include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene but also si Read More
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Theoretical Efficiency Limits for Alternative Solar Cell Device Concepts
More LessAbstract As the demand for renewable energy sources is increasing, many alternative concepts have been explored to enrich the prospects. In the solar cell field, multi carrier generation, spectrum manipulation, thermo-photoelectric cells, hot carrier, intermediate band, and many other techniques have been studied as new concepts. In this work, the theoretical limits of multi-carrier generation and multi-interface pre sp Read More
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The Utilization of Industrial Waste Heat for the Production of Fresh Water by Membrane Distillation: Industrial Case Studies in the Petrochemical and Gas Industry in Qatar
Authors: Majeda Khraisheh, Farid Benyahia, Samer Adham, Amna Hassan and Mariam JassimAbstract Membrane distillation differs from other membrane technologies in that the driving force for desalination is the difference in vapor pressure of water across the membrane, rather than total pressure. The membranes for MD are hydrophobic, which allows water vapor (but not liquid water) to pass. The vapor pressure gradient is created by heating the source water thereby elevating its vapor pressure. The majo Read More
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Velocity Dependent Mobility Calculation Implemented in Finite Element Reservoir Simulator
Authors: Ahmad Abushaikha, Martin Blunt, Tara La Force and Olivier GosselinAbstract We implement a novel up-winding scheme for the mobility calculation using the computed velocities in an adaptive finite element (FE) unstructured-mesh reservoir simulator. In the finite-element finite-volume (FEFV) numerical method, the pressure and transport equations are decoupled. The pressure is calculated using finite elements, and the saturation is calculated using finite volumes. Each element is share Read More
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Development of a Spray Characterization Experimental Facility
More LessAbstract In the recent years, development of alternative jet fuels is gaining importance owing to the demand for diversifying fuel and cleaner combustion. Liquid fuels have high volumetric energy content and ease of handling therefore preferred by the aviation industry. However, liquid fuels add additional complications in combustion process in thrust generation due to the needed preparatory steps of atomization and v Read More
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Multiphase Flow Correlation Applied to Qatar's Pipelines
Authors: Mustafa Badieh Al-Waily, Ahmed Hassaan, Hadi Nasrabadi, Mohamed Haouche and Adrien TessierAbstract Multiphase flow occurs in almost all oil and gas wells and production installations. The past three decades have seen intense efforts to develop empirical correlations and modelling tools to improve the ability to predict multiphase-flow behaviour with greater accuracy. The empirical approach typically involves flowing fluids at carefully measured flow rates through a pipe, observing the flow pattern, and measuring liq Read More
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Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Co turnover Frequency Rates over Co/Al2O3Catalysts with Different Reduction Promoters
Authors: Wenping Ma, Gary Jacobs, Tejas Bhatelia, Dragomir Bukur and Burtron DavisAbstract Cobalt (Co) turnover frequency (TOF) has been reported to be independent of Co dispersion and support type. However, wide discrepancies in Co TOF values exist in the literature. Differences in catalyst preparation, process conditions, and characterization technique could be major factors that may account for the discrepancies. Therefore, a more accurate assessment of Co turnover frequency (TOF) is nee Read More
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Non-Invasive Monitoring of Oceanic Pipelines to Predict the Formation of Hydrates
Authors: Abdelwahab Aroussi, Uvais Qidwai and Mert AtilhanAbstract Hydrate formation in the Oil & Gas pipelines that runs from the off-shore wells to the on-shore facilities is one of the most serious problems that was faced during last winter season within the industrial settings in Qatar. The main reason was a sudden drop in temperature of the surrounding water that causes the condensation of hydrates, producing heavy paraffin derivatives that essentially choke the pipeline. An Read More
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Solar to Energy: CO2 Conversion to Fuel, An Overview and Applications
Authors: Majeda Khraisheh, Elitsa Dzhongova and Junwang TangAbstract The current technology for CO2 reduction is CO2 capture and storage (CCS). An alternative technology is to capture CO2 and convert it to chemicals by thermal catalysis. The technology is not appropriate to low concentration of CO2 (<1%), such as CO2 in air except it has to be driven by thermal energy mainly produced by fossil fuel combustion. The solar energy driven CO2 conversion is an only technology without ext Read More
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Solar Dish-Ericsson Engine: A Novel Solar Technology for the 21th Century
More LessAbstract Solar energy in Qatar promises clean electricity generation for operating air conditioning, water desalination plants, irrigation water, industrial applications, and fulfill future needs by controlling CO2 in order to achieve Qatar's Vision 2030. This solar energy potential has many economic benefits, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and helps to comply with the Kyoto Protocol on climate change. In order to mak Read More
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Energy Auditing: Towards Energy Balance for Qatar Vision 2030
More LessAbstract Qatar has high increasing electrical energy demand, from less than 50MW 1954 to 5,250MW in 2010. Electrical energy generating was only 1,500MW in 1995, 4,535MW in 2009, and soon will be 9,000MW. The expected additional capacity needed by 2016 is 5,500MW with high average emission CO2 of 32 tons/capita/year. Qatar has strong solar energy potential, (2070–2250)kWH/m2yr, which could takes place t Read More
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Upon Embarking Solar Photovoltaic
Authors: Fedaa Ali and Rabi MohtarAbstract All GCC countries are projected to substantial rise in energy demand, while Qatar's share of GCC energy demand is projected to increase from around 10% to 15% from 2010 to 2020. Qatar also ranked in the top ten for GHG emissions per capita worldwide in 2008. The long-term costs of green house gas (GHG) emission reductions will depend, in part, on future technological innovations, many of which are presently unk Read More
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Theoretical Studies on the Ethylene Purification Using Substituted Nickel Dithiolenes
Authors: Mohamed Shibl, Edward N. Brothers, Li Dang and Michael B. HallAbstract The world is running out of energy, thus energy preservation is of paramount importance. Using current technology, ethylene is purified from petroleum feed stocks using the very energy intensive cryogenic distillation method. However, a purification procedure based on the redox properties of nickel bis-dithiolene complexes has been theoretically studied, in order to design a more convenient route to ethylene purif Read More
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Biofuel from Used Vegetable (Cooking) Oil
Authors: Sakthivel Sundaresan, Sudipta Halder, Purshottam das Gupta and Narendra AgnihotraAbstract Everyday people use cooking oil at home and various commercial establishments in the hospitability industry. Particularly hotels and restaurants are generating 0.1 million tons /year of waste cooking oil in India and other countries such as US (0.3–0.4 million tons), EU (0.7–1 million tons), United Kingdom (0.2 million tons), and Canada (0.135 million tons). However, most of the used vegetable oils are still regarded as Read More
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Investigation of Heat Transfer Performance of Nanofluids Flow in a Microchannel
Authors: Anoop Kanjirakat and Reza SadrAbstract Miniaturization and increase in performance of electronic devices, resulted in an increase of energy density loads generated. In recent times, micro-scale cooling devices such as microchannel heat sinks have evolved as a plausible solution to the above heat transfer challenge. Nanofluids emerged as a good candidate in improving the cooling performance of micro cooling systems. Nanofluids are colloidal suspe Read More
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A New Control Strategy for Air/Fuel Regulation of Spark Ignition Engines to Maximize Energy Economy and Minimize Environment Pollution
Abstract The gasoline for cars and light trucks accounts for more than 40% of the total oil consumption worldwide. More important is the environment subjected to the pollution emitted by spark ignition engine's tailpipe. Spark ignition engines are commonly equipped with electronic control systems whose task is to provide desired air-fuel ratio (AFR) signal tracking to improve fuel energy economy and reduce exhaust Read More
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An Improved Photovoltaic Power Generation System with Quasi-Z-Source Inverter and Battery Storage
Authors: Yushan Liu, Baoming Ge and Haitham Abu-RubAbstract I. Introduction Photovoltaic (PV) energy generation has been one of the most active research areas in the past decades, because it is essentially inexhaustible and environmental friendly with respect to the conventional energy sources. However, nowadays the higher initial installation cost, lower efficiency and reliability of the PV system still block its widespread application. To overcome these problems, our Read More
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Lipids Profiles of Free Fatty Acids from Olive Oil Triglycerides - The Development of a New Method for Profiling Lipids from Photosynthetic Micro-organisms, a Potential Candidate for the Production of Biofuel
Authors: Shana Sunny Jacob and Amira Al-JabiryAbstract Currently intensive global research efforts are being made to increase and modify the accumulation of lipids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, polysaccharides, and other energy storage compounds in photosynthetic organisms, such as yeast, and bacteria. Qatar is in a unique position in the world because it has a rich biodiversity of photosynthetic micro-organisms and the climate and space to lead the world in the research a Read More
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Characterization of Synthetic Gas-to-Liquid Jet Fuel Blends and Properties Correlation with Hydrocarbon Groups
Authors: Nimir Elbashir, Bilal Raza, Elfatih Elmalik, Haider Ramadhan, Dhabia Al-Mohandi and Mariam Al-MeerAbstract This paper highlights the recent work carried out at Texas A&M University at Qatar (TAMUQ) in the development of novel synthetic fuels geared towards the aviation industry's utilization. The research activities implemented involve a unique multi-disciplinary collaboration between academia and industry, which was facilitated by QF through funding provided by the Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP) and Roll Read More
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Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Over Co/Al2O3 Catalyst-Effect of Pretreatment Procedures
Authors: Dragomir Bukur, Zhendong Pan and Matin ParvariAbstract Due to high activity of cobalt metal in syngas conversion to higher hydrocarbons and long chain normal paraffins, supported cobalt catalysts have been widely used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction. We investigated effect of pretreatment procedures on catalytic performance of 15wt% Co/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by incipient wetness impregnation (IWI). Catalyst was characterized by different met Read More
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Phase Equilibrium and Calorimetric Properties of Mixtures Using the Mattedi-Tavares-Castier Equation of State
Abstract Natural gas and oil processing, among many other applications in the chemical industry, depends on accurate predictions of the thermodynamic and transport properties for their accurate and reliable design. Especially in the energy sector, in which the flow rates of process streams are large and equipment is big, improper design can be costly, both in terms of investment and operating costs. Equations of st Read More
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Complex Flow and Composition Path in CO2 Injection Schemes from Density Effects
Authors: Hadi Nasrabadi, Tausif Ahmed and Abbas FiroozabadiAbstract CO2 injection has been used to improve oil recovery for the last four decades. In recent years, CO2 injection has become more attractive because of the dual effect; injection in the subsurface 1) allows reduction of CO2concentration in the atmosphere to reduce global warming, and 2) improves the oil recovery. One of the screening criteria for CO2 injection as an enhanced oil recovery method is based on measurement Read More
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Optimal Waste Heat Recovery and Reuse in Industrial Zones
Authors: Mirko Stijepovic and Patrick LinkeAbstract Many developed and developing economies are seeking to mitigate future climate change risks by developing strategies to reduce carbon emissions and the use of fossil fuels. Industrial energy use efficiency can be significantly enhanced by better energy recovery and integration promises significant potential to reduce emissions at low cost. These approaches are seen as crucial enablers of sustainable solutions in Read More
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Heat Transfer Measurements of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in a Horizontal Circular Straight Tube
Authors: Katsuyoshi Tanimizu, Mohammed A Mohamed, Reza Sadr and Devesh RanjanAbstract Supercritical fluids have been drawing attention to many researchers as heat transfer media for power plant cycles, for refrigeration and heat pump applications. The exceptional heat transfer characteristics of supercritical fluids are key parameters for those applications. Above critical pressure, especially, in pseudocritical region, small temperature and pressure variations can lead to significant changes in the th Read More
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Smart Production Metering Field Pilot: the Benefits from a Virtual Approach
Authors: Adrien Tessier, Mohamed Haouche, Younes Deffous and Jean-Francois AuthierAbstract To face new hydrocarbon production metering systems and back allocation challenges, Total E&P Qatar and its Research Center (TRC-Q), located in the Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP), test novel approaches to improve current production metering system in the Al-Khalij field. This field is operated under a Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) with Qatar Petroleum (QP). A field pilot, which involves three pl Read More
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Unlocking the Potential of Carbonate Reservoirs through Petroleum Geochemistry and Acid Stimulation
Authors: Pascal Cheneviere, Mohammed Al Sammarraie, Hend Hassan and Ercin MaslenAbstract Approximately 50% of world's hydrocarbon resources lay in carbonate reservoirs. The main challenges involved in producing them are their natural complexity and strong geological heterogeneities. To help reducing these uncertainties, Total Research Center in Qatar (TRC-Q), as QSTP member, conducts research around two important activities, namely, acid stimulation and petroleum geochemistry. Acid Stimulati Read More
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Thermodynamic and Economic Assessment of Integrated Desalination and Power Generation
Authors: Tahira Newaz and Patrick LinkeAbstract There have been a number of studies regarding the efficiency of state-of-the-art thermal (Multi-Effect Distillation, MED), power driven (sea water reverse osmosis, SWRO) and hybrid (MED/SWRO) desalination systems. The comparisons between desalination technologies can be made on a number of critical parameters such as (i) cost of produced water, (ii) energy efficiency, (iii) environmental impact, (iv) reliability and (v) Read More
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The Impact of Qatar's Investment and Fiscal Policies on its Gas and LNG Success
More LessAbstract 1. Introduction: Qatar currently produces 77 mtpa of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), which dwarfs the 24 mtpa production of 2nd placed Indonesia. Production started as recently as 1997, compared to the several decades that other LNG producers have been in operation. This paper will review the key policy factors that have been responsible for Qatar's success story including leadership vision, efficient utilization of In Read More
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Innovative Solutions for Sulphur in Qatar
More LessAbstract The estimated sulphur output from Qatar is around 4 Mtpa by 2012, primarily from gas processing operations(Sulphur magazine, March/April 2009). Shell is using novel technologies to utilize sulphur in various applications such as concrete (Shell Thiocrete*), asphalt (Shell Thiopave*) and fertilizers (Shell Thiogro*). The sulphur utilization programme in Qatar Shell Research and Technology Centre is part of a Read More
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Wave Propagation in a Three-Dimensional, Fully-Nonlinear Numerical Wave Tank Based on Multi-transmitting Formula Coupled Damping Zone Method
Authors: Gang Xu, Abdelmagid Salem Hamouda and Boo Cheong KhooAbstract The objective of this work is to develop a novel numerical model solving the coupled internal sloshing and external sea-keeping interaction for small/medium liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier. Currently, the work focuses on simulating wave propagation in a three-dimensional (3D) fully-nonlinear numerical wave tank (NWT) to model the sea. When simulating the nonlinear wave propagation through an unbounded domai Read More
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Measuring Corrosion with Laser-Ultrasound: Time-Frequency Analysis of Rayleigh Wave Propagation
Authors: Maqbool Ahmed and Uvais QidwaiAbstract Background: Laser - Ultrasound is a new non-contact technique used to detect the defects in the hot surfaces like hot billets etc. Determination of corrosion in the plates, using this non-contact technique seemed a promising research effort. Objectives: In this work, an inspection system has been presented that uses Laser-Ultrasound (LU) technique for Nondestructive testing (NDT) of metallic structures Read More
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Special Characteristics of Ingot Castings and Extrusion Ingots Produced at the Qatalum Aluminum Production Site
Abstract The quality of raw materials used for primary aluminium production vary depending on the location they originate from. Consequently, the level of trace elements found in the raw materials varies from location to location and so does the chemistry of the final product. While the effect of trace elements is difficult to quantify, they may have a significant impact on both process ability and the properties of the final produc Read More
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Reliability Modeling for Degrading System with multiple Dependent Failure Modes
Authors: Abdel Magid Hamouda, Khalifa Al-Khalifa, Elsayed Elsayed, Liu Xiao and David CoitAbstract To adequately predict reliability and optimize the time-to-maintenance for complex system design and reliability problems, this research develops a new model for complex systems, which are subject to performance degradation and multiple dependent failure modes. In particular, the hazard rate corresponding to each failure mode depends both on time and system state. The system state stochastically degrades o Read More
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Hidden Hazards of Applying Photo Voltaic Modules in Hydrocarbon Industry
Authors: Anbu Vendan D. Pandian, Pooja Agarwala, Kamal Bansal and B.S. Sundar DanielAbstract Background: Solar Photo Voltaic (PV) module based electric power supply systems are being designed for remote unmanned oil and gas facilities where grid utility power is not available within vicinity. PV modules are used in applications such as measurement of process data, telemetry, gas detection, cathodic protection and lighting with voltage levels of 12V, 24V and 48V. Majority of PV modules are made of c Read More
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Kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch Reaction Over Alumina Supported Cobalt Catalyst in a Slurry Reactor
Authors: Karim Ibrik, Tejas Bhatelia, Dragomir Bukur, Wenping Ma, Burtron Davis and Gary JacobsAbstract Depleting oil reserves, environmental pressure, as well as abundant reserves of coal, natural gas and biomass, have all contributed to a revived interest in Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) technology for producing ultra-clean, virtually sulfurfree, transportation fuels and chemicals. F-T technology involves conversion of synthesis gas (i.e., a mixture of H2 and CO) to a wide spectrum of hydrocarbons. In this study, the kinetics of the Read More
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Experimental and Statistical Studies for the Design of Novel Synthetic Jet Fuels Derived from Natural Gas
Abstract This paper highlights student research experience in the fuel characterization lab at Texas A&M University at Qatar. The research was carried out over one academic year with a multidisciplinary undergraduate team. A professional environment was applied regarding time management, safety and communication between team members and instructors. All research was carried out with strict adherence to Read More
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Combustion Timing Control of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines
Authors: Marwa AbdelGawad, Reza Tafreshi and Reza LangariAbstract Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines hold promises of being the next generation of internal combustion engines due to their ability to produce high thermal efficiencies, in addition to low nitric oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). HCCI combustion is achieved through the auto-ignition of a compressed homogeneous fuel-air mixture, thus making it a “fusion” between spark-ignition and compres Read More
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Development of Highly Active Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization Catalyst Systems - A New Approach for Green Catalyst Design
Authors: Robert Tuba, Hassan S. Bazzi and John A. GladyszAbstract The aim of the green chemistry is to develop chemical products and processes having minimal use and generation of hazardous chemicals and low energy requirement. Catalytic reagents are considered to be green tools to synthesize organic molecules as they basically open an alternative synthetic route to target molecules by lowering the energy barriers of the reactions while keeping the selectivity and the yiel Read More
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Recycling Polymers in Qatar, Advantages and Obstacles
Authors: Mariam AlMaadeed, Alma Hodzic, Nabil Madi, Igor Krupa and Nesibe OzerkanAbstract Qatar is one of the largest producers of polymers in the Middle East, with a total annual turnover of $3.5 billion. The annual consumption of industrial and domestic polymers in the region generates significant amount of plastic waste in Qatar and in Gulf Corporation Countries (GCC). Recently, recycling of plastics has become an optimum waste management solution due to the efficiency of incorporating the plastic wa Read More
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High-pressure CO2 Adsorption on Conventional Hydroxyl Metal Carbonates
Authors: Mert Atilhan, Cafer Tayyar Yavuz, Ferdi Karadas and Santiago AparicioAbstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption capacities of several hydroxy metal carbonates have been studied using the state-of-the-art RubothermR Sorption apparatus to obtain adsorption and desorption isotherms of these compounds up to 175 bar. The carbonate compounds were prepared by simply reacting a carbonate (CO3 2−) solution with solutions of Zn2+, Zn2+/Mg2+, Mg2+, Cu2+/Mg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Ni2+ metal ion Read More
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Ecological Baseline Survey: North of Ras Laffan to South of Ar Ruwais - Coastal & Marine Zone
Authors: Eric Febbo and Qatar University ESC TeamAbstract Qatar has experienced great change in its infrastructure, continuous upgrading of its major industrial cities, of its network of roads and highways and major construction and development along its coastline in particular the eastern coastline. These activities can all have an impact on the marine life and terrestrial wildlife, vegetation and floristic composition. One strip of coastline on the north-eastern section of Qatar r Read More
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Pedostructure and Pedoclimate: New Concepts in Soil Water Physics Leading Hydrostructural Pedology at the Heart of Agri-Environmental Disciplines
Authors: Erik Braudeau and Rabia H. MohtarAbstract Bridging the gap between the local scale of processes in soils and the mesoscopic field, watershed or ecosystem levels of description, becomes a major challenge nowadays particularly in addressing the questions of transdisciplinarity, transfer of scales, local to global change assessment, and empirical against physically-based characterization. Hydrostructural Pedology recently proposed by Braudeau and Moh Read More
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Nanotechnology for Pollution Reduction
More LessAbstract Nanotechnology is regarded as the next great scientific/industrial revolution due to the possibility of designing nanostructured materials that possess novel electronic, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties. Nanomaterials could potentially be applied in pollution control, catalysis, water remediation, clean energy. Nanocatalysis is a phenomenon of significant research and important practical applications in a variety Read More
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Advanced Polymeric Materials with Exceptional Carbon Dioxide Capture Capacities
Authors: Mert Atilhan, Cafer Tayyar Yavuz, Hasmukh Patel, Ferdi Karadas, Ali Canlier and Erhan DenizAbstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions resulting from combustion of fossil based fuels increasing the atmospheric CO2 concentration (currently at 393 ppm) is indubitably an alarming environmental issue such as an irreversible increase in the acidity levels of the oceans. In order to manage current CO2 emissions, several technologies exist such as chemical solvent absorption, physical adsorption, cryogenic fractionation, me Read More
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Halting the Erosion of Qatars' Barchan Dunes: A Study on the Synergy Between Ripple Motion, Moisture Retention and Microbial Growth within Barchans and How it Can be Exploited to Stop the Erosion of an Active Dune
Authors: Sara Abdul Majid, Michel Louge, Anthony Hay, Renee Richer and Christopher OgdenAbstract Barchan dunes in Qatar are restricted to the southeastern region of the country. They are currently a disappearing natural habitat due to the northwesterly Al Shamal winds, which are scouring the landscape and spreading desertification, as they pass. This research aims to understand whether the synergy between the physical transport of dust, moisture retention and microbial growth beneath the dune surface, could b Read More
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Evaluation of Acid Stimulation Performance in Oil Wells in Qatar Using Skin Characterization
Abstract Acid stimulation is widely used in carbonate reservoirs to stimulate wells and enhance productivity. Almost every well in Qatar undergoes acid stimulation before production starts. The main purpose is to remove any damage in the near well-bore region from drilling fluids. Successful stimulation jobs result in a skin factor between -4 and -6. During acid injection, the value of injection rate and pressure is recorded. Real- Read More
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The Carbon Conundrum: Challenges and Road Map to Feasible Solutions
More LessAbstract The debate around carbon emission reduction seems to be hinging on capture and storage despite limited information about suitable sites and associated risks. It is unfortunate that alternatives to underground storage have not been discussed and disseminated for public opinion. This presentation aims at demystifying the broader picture on carbon management and the associated issues. Given the current lack of prog Read More
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Toxicity of Chlorine-Produced Oxidants to Arabian Killifish Embryos for Acute Developmental Stages Exposures
Authors: Suhur Saeed, Nayla Al-Naema and Eric FebboAbstract Background: Fish embryos are excellent models for studies aimed at the understanding of toxic mechanisms and the indication of possible acute and chronic effects. Therefore, we present the use of Arabian killifish (Aphanius dispar) embryos, an indigenous species to the Arabian Gulf, to study the effect of chlorine-produced oxidants to marine organisms in the Qatari coastal area. Objective: The objective of this study is Read More
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Air Quality Management System for Qatar
Abstract Clean air is an essential requirement to protect human health and the ecosystem. Achieving acceptable air quality requires the monitoring of ambient air quality, the setting of standards by the Ministry of Environment (MoE), and the implementation of control technologies. Air quality is a national priority for Qatar. The Qatar Energy and Environment Research Institute (QEERI) and TOTAL Research Center-Qatar, with their Read More
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Flare Reduction Options and Simulation for the Qatari Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Majeda Khraisheh, Farid Benyahia and Noora Al GhanimAbstract Flaring and venting are two activities associated with oil and gas production. Qatar is a world leader in the production and exporting of liquid natural gas (LNG). Flaring is a combusting process used to dispose of natural gas (sweet, sour acid gas or otherwise other hydrocarbon vapors) through a vertical stack. Facilities in the oil and gas industry may routinely flare small volumes of natural gas that are technically Read More
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Analysing the Resilience of Qatar National Food Security Program
More LessAbstract A limestone-plateau of 11,400 sq. km, Qatar continues to import approximately 90% of its food. By establishing a position of foreign dependence, Qatar's food security is at risk due to fluctuating prices (as experienced in 2008) and potential disruptions in supply. The total arable land in the GCC is in the order of 1.7%, resulting in an industry that only accounts for 1–4% of total revenue (0.1% in Qatar). As such, Qa Read More
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Green Home: Designing and Fabricating Occupancy Sensors
Authors: Manir Al-Faisal and Abdullah KayyaliAbstract This project targets the design and fabrication of a door-mounted sensing unit that will detect room occupancy. The unit will communicate with control devices via different protocols enabling the control of lighting and air conditioning (AC) systems. As the world witnesses a global change of attitude towards energy consumption, notions of energy conservation become more prevalent. Consequently, industries concerned w Read More
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Environmental Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Gas-to-Liquid processes: SOx , NOx and CO2 Emissions
Authors: Majeda Khraisheh, Farid Benyahia, Layal Baninaser, Enas Omar, Ahmad Fard and Yahia ManawiAbstract Compared with conventional diesel refining process, GTL diesel offers significant environmental advantages such as less carbon emissions and improvement of air quality. However, the GTL technology often requires intensive energy and resources input. This paper applies Life cycle assessment (LCA) method to quantify the environmental impacts of gas-to-liquid fuel processes. LCA is a tool for the analysis of environ Read More
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Qatari Truffles
Authors: Asmaa Yousuf Alqaradawi, Salem Sassi Shamekh and Sara Hani Al-HadidiAbstract Desert Truffles, belonging to the genus Terfezia and Tirmania, are native to Qatar and known locally as “Al-Fag’a or Al-Kamaa”. Desert truffles have a long history of use for food and medicine in Qatar and in the neighboring states too. They are adapted to heat stress and drought conditions. The white color truffles belonging to the genus Tirmania, locally called Zubaidi are more appreciated in Qatar than the dark Read More
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Amidoximes: Promising Candidates for CO2 Capture
Authors: Cafer Tayyar Yavuz, Mert Atilhan, Erhan Deniz, Sonia Zulfiqa and Ferdi KaradasAbstract Amidoximes are an important class of organic compounds featuring a fused amide and oxime functionality and their use as starting materials for the synthesis of valuable heterocyclics and related intermediates enabled wide applications in novel pharmaceuticals, antitumor agents, antimalarial agents, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) substrates, enhanced textile materials, synthetic polymers, and chelating resins. Read More
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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) as Alternative to Chemical Pesticides with Low Environmental Impact
More LessAbstract During the last four decades, synthetic chemical pesticides have provided many benefits to agriculture and food production, but they posed some hazardous problems to humans, animals and environment. Chemical pesticides leave undesirable residues in food, water and environment where they are not used properly. It is estimated that one million people are affected by chemical pesticides poisoning eve Read More
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Experimental and Environmental Investigation on Natural and Polymer Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Nesibe Gozde Ozerkan, Mariam A. Al-Maadeed and Ramazan KahramanAbstract This paper presents the results of an experimental work and life cycle analysis of reinforced mortar samples retrofitted with natural, and virgin and recycled polymers. The objectives of this study were to investigate the behavior of retrofitted concretes experimentally, and to compare the defined fiber reinforced concrete samples from environmental point of view using life cycle analysis. The mixtures of reinforced con Read More
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Effect of Nano-Size Al2O3 and Elemental Ca Addition on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of AZ41 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Md Ershadul Alam, Rowshan Ara Rima, Abdel Magid Salem Hamouda and Manoj GuptaAbstract Light weight structural materials are in high demand these days due to the limited oil and gas reserves and global inclination to reduce the green house gas (CO2) emission. Magnesium based materials are the lightest engineering materials in the earth. Magnesium alloys that contain aluminium and zinc are known as AZ alloys. These alloys are reasonably priced, easily available, and used in many engineering applicati Read More
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Environmentally Responsible Behavior: A Study of Critical Factors in Qatar
Authors: Mohd. Nishat Faisal and Sheeba KhanAbstract Due to exponential growth of population and consumption of natural resources at an even faster pace, the impact of human behavior on the natural environment is becoming readily apparent. Resources are becoming less abundant, space is becoming more limited, and pollution of air, water, and land are beginning to have a direct impact on the inhabitants of the planet. This paper presents the findings of the study Read More
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A Novel Approach for Targeting and Optimal Design of Efficient Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Networks
Authors: Patrick Linke and Sabla Yahya AlnouriAbstract Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination processes are widely used. The optimal design of such systems resembles a network synthesis problem and has been addressed using superstructure optimization approaches. However, to date these approaches suffer from a limited ability to identify structurally distinct design alternatives, despite requiring significant computational times to determine globally optimal Read More
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Advanced Reduction Processes for Hazardous Waste Treatment
Authors: Sun Hee Yoon, Ahmed Abdel-Wahab and Bill BatchelorAbstract A new class of treatment processes called Advanced Reduction Processes (ARPs) has been developed and employed for destroying persistent organic contaminants in wastewater. ARPs combine reducing reagents with activating methods to produce highly reactive reducing free radicals. These ARPs have the potential to effectively destroy a wide range of oxidized contaminants such as chlorinated organics, perch Read More
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Removal of Natural Organic Matter from Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Using Aluminum Electrodes
Authors: Nasr Bensalah, Khaled Mansouri and Ahmed Abdel-WahabAbstract Electrocoagulation is a promising alternative to the conventional chemical coagulation in water treatment systems. In electrocoagulation, coagulants are generated in situ by anodic dissolution of sacrificial electrodes, usually aluminum or iron electrodes. Anodic dissolution of the sacrificial anodes leads to the formation of hydrolysis products (hydroxo-metal species) that involve the destabilization of suspended, e Read More
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A Case Study of CO2 Sequestration Potential of a Saline Aquifer in Qatar
Authors: Hadi Nasrabadi and Tausif AhmedAbstract CO2 is one of the byproducts of natural gas production in Qatar. High rate of natural gas production in Qatar has led to significant amounts of CO2 production. Release of CO2 into the atmosphere may be harmful from the global warming standpoint. Recent increase in CO2 concentration in atmosphere due to burning of fossil fuels and deforestation may be one of the main causes for acceleration in global w Read More
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Predictive Emission Monitoring System
Authors: Diane Lecoeur, Mohsen M Raja, James Baldwin and Claude SadoisAbstract Qatargas and TOTAL Research Center-Qatar (TRC-Q) have established a joint project to study Predictive Emissions Monitoring Systems (PEMS). PEMS are an emerging software solution designed to partially or fully replace online analyzers such as Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) by deriving emissions concentrations from process data. The pilot project that is being undertaken based at Qatargas is Read More
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The Combined Impact of Environment Heat Stress and Exercise on Immune Function
By Wade KnezAbstract Background: The impact of heat stress alone on immune function is complex in nature; however, it appears a core temperature within the range of 37–39±C has little impact on neutrophil, lymphocyte and natural killer cell function. However, during passive heating where core temperature increases outside of this range there is a proliferation in leukocytes and cytokines with the magnitude dependent upon the Read More
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Distinguishing Date Palm Gender Using DNA Based Assays
Authors: Yasmin Mohamoud, Maryam A Al Mahmoud, Eman K Al Dous, Eman K Al Azwani and Joel A MalekAbstract The date palm is one of the oldest cultivated trees and is critical to the development of arid land. The date palm is a dioecious monocot with separate male and female trees, however only the female trees produce the fruit that is sought after in farming. This presents a challenge in crop development, as it is impossible to distinguish trees until they flower approximately 5–8 years after planting. We have developed tw Read More
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Advanced Treatment Process for Brackish Water Desalination
Authors: Krishnapuram Karthikeyan, Linchen Han, Ahmed Abdel-Wahab and Marc AndersonAbstract We aim to develop an energy-efficient, low-cost desalination technology for creating new, affordable water sources from brackish waters. Since Qatar has extremely limited rechargeable water sources, technologies facilitating safe use of impaired and unconventional water sources are needed. Capacitive deionization (CDI) technology can meet the unique, logistical and economic needs for inland desalination. CDI techno Read More
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Environmental Research Robots: A Student-Driven Initiative
Authors: Sarah Anne Inkpen, Kerry Suek and Stephen MonkAbstract The College of the North Atlantic-Qatar (CNA-Q) is a satellite campus of a Canadian comprehensive technical college based in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. CNA-Q is in its tenth year with over 2000 students and 500 faculty members. In 2008, we began Phase I of our research programme. The main objective was to create a student-driven interdisciplinary learning environment. CNA-Q received a g Read More
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Green Home: Sustainable Energy Management and Home Automation
More LessAbstract While much has been made of sustainable living, green architecture and home design, the vast majority of green home technologies and related environmental innovations have been developed and tested in countries that do not possess the harsh climate found in Qatar. Systems and equipment designed and tested in the UK, for example, would not have been exposed to the heat, humidity and dust commonly found h Read More
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Fish Model for Toxicity Screening Studies for Qatar: Killifish Breeding & Developmental Stages
Authors: Nayla Mohammed Al-Naema, Suhur Saeed and Eric FebboAbstract Background: The use of Arabian killifish embryos is proposed as an alternative to using juvenile or adult fish for environmental risk studies. Fish embryo toxicity (FET) methods can provide many benefits; they are considered animal alternatives, they require relatively small sample size and reduced time to determine toxicity endpoints. Objective: The establishment of a laboratory fish culture to provide embryos and iden Read More
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Plant Diversity in the Diet of the Lizard Uromastyx Aegyptia Microlepis in Qatar: The Effect of Zone, Sampling Date and Faeces Size
Abstract Resource distribution among and within habitats affects the abundance, richness and composition of communities. Yet, the role of resource distribution on species interactions is rarely studied. Generalist predators have the ability to survive extreme conditions by using a variety of foods that allows the population to grow during times of low food availability. Most lizard species are generalist predators, including th Read More
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Produced Water from Oil and Gas Fields: Sampling and Analytical Protocols
Authors: Nabin Upadhyay, Isik Riza Turkmen, Samir Gharfeh and Samer AdhamAbstract The oil and gas industries are one of the major producers of wastewater streams. Most of this water is disposed either through subsurface reinjection or surface discharge after some treatment. There is a growing interest in the reuse of produced water from oil and gas fields due to limited availability of freshwater resources. However, the poor quality of the produced water is a big challenge for its reuse. The charact Read More
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Evaluation and Application of Membrane Distillation for Seawater Desalination
Authors: Samer Adham, Altaf Hussain, Joel Minier Matar, Raul Dores, Mary Katebah and Arnold JansonAbstract Thermal desalination process is proven to be robust for large scale installation and meet specific water quality requirement, but it needs high energy cost with serious environmental concerns related to discharge of brine. On the other hand, membrane processes have started gaining market acceptance due to improvement in membrane chemistry, efficient pre-treatment and smaller foot print, but still face many chall Read More
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Bacteriocins from Qatari Bacillus Thuringiensis Crystal Producing Strains
Authors: Al Zahraa Attar and Samir JaouaAbstract Antimicrobial agents are very useful and have been the subject of intense research. Amongst these compounds, bacteriocins are defined as peptide antibiotics which do not harm the producer strain but have the ability to kill closely related bacteria. Bacillus thuringiensis is a friendly bacterium best known for the production of bioinsecticides, but is also considered as a source of bacteriocins active against the closely r Read More
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Qatari Bacillus T huringiensis Strains: Gene Bank and Molecular Investigation of the Insecticidal d-endotoxins and Coding Genes Towards a Sustainable Qatari and Gulf Environment Free from Chemical Pesticides
Authors: Duha Mohammad Rabah, Samir Jaoua, Roda Al-Thani and Sara ZakzokAbstract B. thuringiensis is a gram-positive bacterium which produces, during sporulation, crystalline inclusions containing one or more delta-endotoxins. The latter are selectively toxic against a wide variety of insects, including important pests. Formulations based on B. thuringiensis have been used safely in developed countries as bioinsecticides for agriculture, forestry and disease vector control. This kind of bioinsecticide Read More
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Hydrotalcites: High Pressure and High Temperature CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Mert Atilhan, Aysha Al-Mohannadi, Enas Azhar, Layal BaniNaser, Ashar Diab and Ferdi KaradasAbstract The use of promising solid-state adsorbents is an emerging field in carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) owing to their promising sorption capacity and facile regeneration behaviour. Hydrotalcites, a class of layered double hydroxides (LDHs), are specifically suitable for high capacity CO2 sorption studies at high temperatures since they have a robust structure and their structures could easily be modified. Her Read More
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