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Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Volume 2013 Issue 1
- Conference date: 24-25 Nov 2013
- Location: Qatar National Convention Center (QNCC), Doha, Qatar
- Volume number: 2013
- Published: 20 November 2013
1 - 50 of 541 results
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A mutation at the H2B histone family [H2BFWT] gene causes a novel X-linked mental retardation with abnormal head shape syndrome
A non-consanguineous Arabic family affected by a putative novel seemingly X-linked disease characterized by mental retardation and abnormal head shape was studied by gene mapping, candidate gene mutation screening and whole X chromosome Exome sequencing of a single affected member to identify the responsible gene defect. Clinical presentation includes mental retardation, hyperactivity, hypotonia, turricephaly Read More
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On articulation and phonological disorders among Arab children
More LessOne important type of speech sound disorders is articulation and phonological disorders that affect children of age between 2-8 years. All normally developing children follow a unique developmental timetable, table 1 in which they acquire articulation and phonological skills to correctly pronounce both consonants and vowels to make the sound patterns of their respective language. Previous statistics, table 2 show that t Read More
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Dynamic trends in intestinal parasitic infections among recently arrived immigrant workers, settled immigrants and long-term residents in Qatar
By Jerzy BehnkeThe expanding economy of Qatar in the last two decades has attracted immigrants, often from countries with poor socio-economic standards. Many arrive with patent intestinal parasitic infections, and recent analyses have indicated consistently rising trends in the prevalence of some infections. We have used several approaches for quantifying the prevalence of parasitic infections brought into the country by immigran Read More
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Targeting alterations in the endocannabinoid system of rodents and non-human primates for the study of autism
More LessAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neuro-developmental disabilities, which, in many cases, is characterized by severe impairments in communication skills, social interaction, psychomotor coordination, behavioral control and emotional stability often accompanied by deficits in cognition, attention and sensory processing. According to a recent study conducted by Dr. Fouad Alshaban (Shafallah Medical Genetics C Read More
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Correlation between quality of life and disease severity in children with atopic dermatitis in the State of Qatar
Authors: Hessa Al Bouainain and Mohamed Ibrahim AllamCorrelation between quality of life and disease severity in children with atopic dermatitis in the state of Qatar Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an itchy, chronic or chronically relapsing, inflammatory skin condition which is most prevalent in childhood. It is known to affect 10-20% of children. The prevalence of AD has increased during the past 3 decades and is probably due to modification of lifestyles and environment. Atopic Read More
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Novel biomaterial for bone grafting and healing synthesized from bovine serum albumin using sub-critical water technology
Authors: Wael Abdelmoez and Hiroki YoshidaThe interest in bone and softtissue replacement achieves rapid advances throughout the last decades. Injured bone has a unique ability to regenerate which leads to complete anatomic and physiologic repair. However, not every bony defect can beself-repaired. Repair of large osseous defects caused by neoplasms, cysts, trauma, infection, congenital diseases and surgical intervention are major problems in oral and ma Read More
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Human hexokinase 2: A key enzyme and promoter of tumor growth
Authors: Hussain Mir Nawaz and Wael RabehMalignant tumors metabolize glucose through glycolysis to lactic acid and produce ATP at an accelerated rate when compared to normal cells, a phenotype detected clinically using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Out of the four available isoforms, Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is the major expressing isoform in cancers specially those that metastasize and kill their human host. In malignant cells, HK2 not only improves the c Read More
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Computational MR imaging in tumors: Fiber tractography for tumor detection and its fundamental challenges
Authors: Andrew Kiruluta, Alexey Tonyushkin and Qutaibeh KatatbehThe sensitivity of magnetic resonance (MR) to diffusion has long been exploited as a method for investigating molecular motions in complex systems. The recognition that MR can be made sensitive to the details of anisotropic diffusion in structured materials led to the formulation of the problem as a tensor (DTI) rather than a scalar. New directions exploiting MR diffusion imaging techniques can yield essential new inform Read More
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Food safety priorities in the Middle East
By Walid AlaliThe foodborne and waterborne disease continues to pose significant health problems in the Middle East. This region specifically Arabic speaking countries, imports large amounts of food products from all over the world. At the same time, this region exports a variety of food commodities to many countries worldwide. The increased international food trade, changes in agriculture production, food processing, and consumer d Read More
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Identification of de novo and rare inherited mutations in autism spectrum disorder probands from Qatar by whole genome sequencing.
More LessAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a clinically and etiologically heterogeneous condition with high prevalence amongst all world populations. Due to the life long morbidity, ASD poses a profound world-wide public health challenge. Despite its obviously high heritability, a genetic cause is only identified in a small fraction of patients due to its complex etiologic heterogeneity. Recently, whole genome sequencing (WGS) emerged Read More
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Anti-allergic effects by arginase inhibitors: Role of nitric oxide
Authors: Herman Meurs, Ramadan Sopi, Mirjam Simoons, Paul Jackson and Harm MaarsinghAnti-allergic effects by arginase inhibitors: role of nitric oxide Herman Meurs¹, Ramadan Sopi¹´², Mirjam Simoons¹, Paul Jackson³, Harm Maarsingh¹´³ ¹Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, ²Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo, ³Department of Pha Read More
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Severe loss-of-function mutations affect critical genes and pathways in the Qatari population
Authors: Khalid Fakhro, Juan Rodriguez-Flores and Ronald CrystalExome sequencing was used to study genetic variation in the Qatari population. We sequenced 100 healthy Qataris (50X average depth, with >80% of sites at >10x depth) representing the 3 major Qatari genetic subpopulations (Q1 - Bedouin, Q2 - Persian/South Asian, Q3 - African). A total of ~174,000 high quality variants were identified, of which 1306 were predicted to cause loss of function (frameshift/stop-gain/splice/start-l Read More
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Antibacterial, antitumor and antioxidant of bioactive compounds extracted from secondary metabolites of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn
More LessAbstract The aim of this study is to examine the bioactive compounds from secondary metabolites of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani against some selected strains of pathogenic bacteria. The fungus grown in a fermented culture and the filtrate was extracted in different chemical solvents. The fungal crude extract was used to examine the bioactivity against six strains of bacteria using disc diffusion method. The results showed t Read More
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Symptomatic treatment approach does not appear to be effective in controlling Chlamydia trachomatis transmission
More Less[Background] Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is one of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide, and is a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. A recent study has found larger than expected prevalence of CT in Qatar, with a prevalence of about 5% among women attending primary health-care centers. The driver of such higher than expected prevalen Read More
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Osteopontin regulates hypoxic induction of NHE1 activity in H9C2 cells
More LessOsteopontin regulates hypoxic induction of NHE1 activity in H9C2 cells. Soumaya Bouchoucha, Fatima Mraiche Hypoxia, an important component of ischemia, is the result of an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. Severe impairment of oxygen supply may result in a maladaptive cardiac phenotype. During myocardial ischemia, the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1), the main regulator of pHi, has been shown to Read More
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Output-feedback sliding mode control for a nonlinear multicompartment respiratory system with amplitude and integral input constraints
By Nader MeskinAcute respiratory failure is one of the major causes for concern in intensive care units (ICU). It is a condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the air sacs in the lungs. When this happens the lungs cannot release oxygen into the blood and get rid of carbon dioxide from the body. The lack of oxygen in the blood will cause the organs to malfunction and in severe cases could lead to failure of vital organs such as heart and brain Read More
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Hypertension in Middle-Eastern Arab and South-Asian patients hospitalized with atrial fibrillation: From a 20-year registry in Qatar (1991-2010)
By Amar SalamBackground: Most of available literature on atrial fibrillation (AF) is based on studies in the developed world and included mainly Caucasian patients. Data about AF in other ethnicities is very limited. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of hypertension (HTN) in Middle-eastern Arab and South-Asian patients hospitalized with AF from a 20 year national registry in a Middle-Eastern country. Methods: Retrospective analy Read More
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The utilization of next generation sequencing to reveal genetic anomalies among familial myeloproliferative neoplasms cases within the State of Qatar
More LessBackground: Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic disorders, classified into three different phenotypes Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocytosis (ET) and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF). This disorder is associated with the presence Jak2V617F mutation in 90% of PV and 50% of ET and PMF patients as well as other mutations such as Jak2 exon 12 and MPL. However, there are still significant numbers o Read More
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Development Of A Novel Method For The Selective Detection Of Erythrocyte Membrane Bound Proteins
More LessBlood doping still remains as a performance enhancement strategy misused by athletes . Blood doping is the practice of boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream by means of either blood transfusion of an individual or by administration of erythropoietin, in order to increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. There is no direct method currently for the detection of autologous transfusion, leaving this a Read More
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Calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway mediates NHE1 induced cardiac hypertrophy
More LessCalcineurin-NFAT Signaling Pathway Mediates NHE1 Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Mohamed Mlih, Fatima Mraiche College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar In the myocardium, the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1), a plasma membrane protein that regulates intracellular pH has been shown to be critical in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Inhibition of NHE1 activity/expression has previously been dem Read More
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Toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in shisha water
More LessPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are an important class of chemical carcinogens formed as a result of incomplete combustion; it is therefore found in grilled foods, tobacco smoke and in general, the environment. Previous studies have shown exposure of smokers and second hand smokers (SHS) towards a whole host of PAHs and more than 500 of these have been demonstrated in tobacco smoke. As it is ubiqu Read More
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Betaine feature as a powerful tool in prevention of biofouling of biosensor surfaces and membranes
By Peter KasakVarious betaine materials - single molecules or polymers - represent one of the best tools for prevention of biofouling on surfaces due to their biomimetic character and unique properties [1]. Betaines consist of internal salts in a single unit between positive quaternary ammonium and negative sulfo, carboxy or phosphate groups. This contribution highlights our progress in preparation and application of betaine material Read More
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Gamification of exercise and its application for fall prevention among patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy
By Bijan NajafiBackground: Individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) frequently suffer from concomitant impaired proprioception and postural instability. Conventional exercise training has been demonstrated effective in improving balance; however these exercises are often repetitive, causing patients to lose interest and not complete the long term rehabilitation process. In addition, these programs do not incorporate v Read More
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Generic Results For The Effective+B168Ness Of Medical Male Circumcision As An Hiv Intervention In Sub-Saharan Africa
More LessBackground: The efficacy of medical male circumcision (MMC) in reducing female to male HIV transmission has been established by three clinical trials. Programs are being developed for massive roll-out of MMC as an HIV intervention across multiple countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We aimed in this study to explore generic results of the effectiveness of MMC as an HIV intervention. Method: A population-level deterministi Read More
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Advanced endometriosis: A diagnostic dilemma
More LessEndometriosis is a debilitating medical condition in females in which endometrial glands and stroma appear and flourish in areas outside the uterine cavity and walls, most commonly in the ovaries. Incidence in general population is 5-15% and around 30% in infertile women. Usual age group is 20-30years and patients present with dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia, dyschezia, infertility and pelvic pain. We report two interesting case Read More
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A comparative study of different Cardiac CT protocols
By Shafeeque TMBack ground The volume of cardiac diagnostic procedures involving the use of ionizing radiation has increased rapidly in recent years. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has been increasingly used in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The CT is an excellent technique to make a diagnosis of disorders in many different parts of the body, however, because the heart is constantly beating, CT sc Read More
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The magnetic pull down: A biochemical assay for the screening of antiviral candidates
More LessType I interferon α/β (IFN-α/β) cytokines are produced by the host cell upon sensing viral proteins and nucleic acids as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and thereby elicit an antiviral response that represents the frontline of innate immunity against a virus infection. Among the signatures of the "non self" presence, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is the most potent PAMP in triggering the IFN-α/β-based Read More
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High resolution optical mapping of cardiac tissue slices: A powerful tool in heart research
More LessHeart failure (HF) is one of the most common causes for death, to prevent HF the understanding of the (patho-)physiology is key and the development of efficient tools is an important contribution for cardiac research. Cardiac tissue slice is an increasingly popular model for cardiac electrophysiology research and pharmacological compound testing. We use optical mapping to investigate cardiac tissue slices. In this st Read More
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Italian study on gene-environment interactions in lymphoma etiology: Translational aspects
More LessIntroduction: The objective of the "Italian Study on gene-environment interactions in lymphoma etiology", hereafter named the Italian GxE Study, is to identify individual conditions and external factors associated with lymphoma aetiology, the response to therapy and survival, as possible targets for preventive action and possible drivers of new individualized therapeutic strategies. Methods: This objective is being pursued by recrui Read More
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Recovery of the genetic mutation of CFTR channel and the cystic fibrosis disease mechanism
By Wael RabehCystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the gene for the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR). CFTR is an ABC transporter chloride channel containing five domains: two membrane-spanning domains (MSD1 & 2) connected by two nucleotide-binding domains (NBD1 & 2) and linked by a regulatory domain. The most common CF causing mutation is the deletion of phenylalanine 508 (?F Read More
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علاج التوحد بدون أدوية باستخدام برمجة العقل
More Lessالفكرة هي اعتبار عقل الطفل لا يوجد به البرنامج التشغيلي ي للعقل أو أن برنامج التشغيل الأولي لا يعمل كما يجب وهو فرضية أن عقل الطفل عندما يولد يكون عقله محمل ببرنامج مكتسب من الجينات وضعه الخالق سبحانه وتعالى نصه * انتبه إلى ما هو مكرر في بيئتك * انتبه إلى المثيرات البصرية التي تتكرر * انتبه إلى المثيرات السمعية التي تتكرر * سوف تتعرف على نفسك ومن حولك في حالة الطفل تم إهماله في الشهور الأولى مثل ترك الطفل ليشاهد قنوات الأطفال في أول 6 أشهر أو أن الدماغ لم يحفز فيصبح اقل ن Read More
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QBB: Milestones in building a successful biobank
By Nahla AfifiQatar Biobank (QBB), the first very large scale, long-term public biorepository in Qatar, is designed to build a powerful research infrastructure for future investigations of the lifestyle, metabolic and genetic risk factors by collecting comprehensive phenotypic baseline data among healthy volunteers, including ECG, blood pressure, anthropometry, spirometry, retinal imaging, carotid 3D ultrasound, arterial stiffness, total bod Read More
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Intracranial aneurysm segmentation in 3D CT angiography
More LessBackground & Objectives Aneurysm is a condition in which an abnormal dilation occurs in the wall of an artery or vein. Since cerebral aneurysm morphology is considered as a potential surrogate of rupture, clinicians often desire its segmentation before any pre-operative or interventional planning is performed. Also, segmentation of such images offers the potential of identifying the right treatment for a wide range of medi Read More
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Development of RP-UPLC method for the assay and stability evaluation of letrozole in pharmaceutical emulgels
By Husam YounesPurpose: The main objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple, rapid and stability-indicating ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for the determination of Letrozole in pharmaceutical gels. Methods: Chromatographic separation was achieved using Aquity UPLC BEH C-18 (2.1 x 50 mm, 1.7µm particle size) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: water (35:65, v/ Read More
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Gene therapy mediated neuroprotection of the neuromuscular junction in the spinal muscular atrophy
More LessSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease affecting mainly the alpha motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord leading to muscular atrophy and paralysis. Although SMA is one of the leading genetic causes of infant mortality, no effective treatment is currently available. Gene delivery studies of Glial Derived Neurotrophic (GDNF) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have demonstrated positive impacts in Read More
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Sterol-induced dislocation of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from membranes of permeabilized cells
More LessCardiovascular diseases are a major cause of global disability and death worldwide. The prevalence of heart disease is quite high in the Unites States and similar trends are becoming apparent in various Middle Eastern and Gulf region countries such as Qatar. It has been suggested that within 10 years, atherosclerosis and its complications, mainly coronary heart disease, will become the leading cause of death and loss of Read More
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The anti-arthritic drug "Auranofin" induces apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: Involvement of intracellular calcium modulation
More LessCancer develops as a result of a defective apoptotic system. Anticancer drugs mainly aim to modulate apoptosis. Multiple publications strongly support the link between the elevation of the intracellular calcium concentration and the induction of apoptosis. Cisplatin was one of the pioneers of the metal based anticancer drugs. Many tumors have been treated with cisplatin and other platin-based anti-cancer drugs like carboplat Read More
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Running mechanics and spring-mass behavior over 100-, 200- and 400-m treadmill sprints
More LessBackground & Objectives: Sprint races are extremely popular in athletic competitions. Although those events have hitherto mainly been studied from a split-time perspective, at present, the nature of the adjustments in sprint mechanics and the extent to which stride parameters are altered are yet to be fully elucidated. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that single, maximal treadmill sprints (100 m, 200 m and Read More
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Haemodynamic Changes Due To Increased Severity In Stenosed Carotid Artery
More LessThe computational advances in recent times have led to analysis of the complex interaction of blood flow through elastic artery. This aids in prognosing the progression and behaviour of cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, aneurysms etc. In the present investigation, an idealistic 66% eccentric stenosed common carotid artery is analyzed under normal blood pressure condition based on clinical data obtained from Read More
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In Vitro Effects Of Cxcl4 Chemokine On Colorectal Cancer Cell Line
By Hassan AdwanIntroduction The CXC-chemokine CXCL4 is released from alpha granules of activated platelets and is involved in platelet aggregation. This protein is a chemo-attractant for numerous other cell types and also functions as an inhibitor of hematopoiesis, T-cell function, tumor-induced angiogenesis and modulation of host inflammatory response. Due to its multiple functions, CXCL4 is a potential clinical anti-tumor target. We examine Read More
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Riproximin Is A New Plat Lectin With Antineoplastic Activity Aganist In Rat Pancreatic Cancer.
By Hassan AdwanPurpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the worst prognoses of all malignancies. At time of diagnosis, 80% of patients with PDAC have unresectable tumors, and conventional therapies are nearly ineffective. The relative poor efficacy of chemo/radiotherapy against PDAC indicates that the development of new therapeutic strategies is a crucial step to improve the survival of patients with this disease. This i Read More
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Global Status Of Drink-Driving-Related Fatality Reporting: Availability And Its Relationship With Use And Other Alcohol Mortality Patterns
More LessIntroduction: According to the World Health Organization one in five road traffic fatalities are related to impaired driving involving drunk-driving (DD), drugs, illicit substances as well as prescription medications. The proportion of DD-related road fatality (or DDRF %) is the recommended indicator in setting road safety goals for DD prevention. The literature however is relatively silent about the availability of DDRF % in high Read More
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An Patient Education Framework For Designing Personalized Self-Management Interventions For Home-Based Chronic Disease Management
By Syed AbidiPatient engagement in their care process, vis-à-vis self-management programs is an important element of the patient's longitudinal care plan, where the patient is encouraged and expected to achieve self-efficacy in the self-management of the disease through a regime of educational and behavioral modification strategies. To ensure the effectiveness of self-management programs, it is important that the proposed self-man Read More
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Endothelial Adiponectin: Putative Role In Graft Patency In Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery?
More LessBackground: Blood vessels are comprised of three distinct layers, the intima, media and outermost layer, the adventitia that, in medium to large vessels, is surrounded by a cushion of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). PVAT is comprised of discrete adipocytes containing a network of capillaries and nerve fibres as well as a variety of other cell types. A number of adipokines have been identified in the PVAT of human bl Read More
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SmartSox: A smart textile to prevent diabetic foot amputation
By Bijan NajafiBackground: People with diabetes are at risk of developing foot ulcers (DFUs), which accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. Damage caused from repeated foot loading and temperature changes during walking may go undetected by patients due to loss of lower-extremity sensations (peripheral neuropathy). Clinical assessment on the other hand needs considerable time. Therefore, a feasible assessment of Read More
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Noradrenaline-Induced Arteriolar Contractile Insensitivity And Collagen Deposition In Adipose Tissue Of Diabetic Patients
More LessBackground. Norepinephrine (NE) is a powerful regulator of various adipose metabolic and vascular functions, including vasoconstriction and tissue fibrosis. Recent data suggests that this may be through autocrine/paracrine effects on local resistance vessel function and morphology. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate in human sub-cutaneous and omental adipose tissue (SAT and OAT): 1) NE synthesis, 2) NE-me Read More
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Orai1 trafficking in mammalian cells
More LessModulation of calcium homeostasis plays a key role in regulating fundamental cellular processes, including gene transcription, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is the major pathway in non-excitable cells for extracellular Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane and is regulated by the content of the intracellular Ca2+ stores. Following store depletion, the Ca2+ sensor in ER Read More
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Role of calreticulin in the regulation of long non-coding RNA: MALAT-1 expression in mouse adenocarcinoma cells
More LessCalreticulin (CRT) is a ubiquitously expressed protein in mammalian cells, with both calcium binding and chaperone activity. As such CRT is involved in quality control process during the folding and maturation of proteins in endoplasmic reticulum. Recent research in our lab showed that overexpression of CRT under control of Tie-2 promoter resulted in the development of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. In order to exa Read More
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Chronic elevation of systemic glucagon-like peptide-1 following surgical weight loss: Association with nausea and vomiting and effects on adipokines
More LessGastric bypass surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity, achieving both sustained weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity. However, following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) some patients develop debilitating nausea and vomiting (N/V) persisting for years. The aim of this study was to determine if the N/V following RYGB is due to elevated systemic GLP-1 levels and whether GLP-1 directly mediates secretio Read More
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Estrogen receptor α gene and vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1) gene haplotypes and low BMD in Palestinian postmenopausal women
More LessBackground Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and microarchetectual deterioration of bone tissue with increased susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporosis is considered a multifactorial polygenic disease. The prevalence of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Palestine, based on of BMD at femoral neck, total hip and spine was 24%, 14% and 29.7% respectively. Previous studies on the effect Read More
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