oa An Experimental Approach for Studying the Effects of Environmental Factors on Brain Circulation

The main function of the circulatory system is to circulate blood in vessels. Formation of blood clots adversely affects blood flow and may cause stoppage if a vessel is blocked. Damage to brain cells results when blood flow stops – as there would be no oxygen or glucose delivered. Damage to brain cells is irreversible – thus, it is crucial that brain circulation would be intact and normally-functioning. Experimental work involved several studies in which a well-established model for induction of blood clots in brain vessels in mice was utilized. The technique involves performing a microsurgery on anesthetized mice to expose the brain surface and the removal of the dura mater to expose blood micro-vessels. Mice are warmed to 37°C and the exposed brain is irrigated with warmed (37°C) and circulated artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Experimental mice would be placed on the stage of a fluorescent microscope with an attached camera and a TV monitor and VCR for observations to be made and recorded. Controlled experimental conditions allowed for exact timing of the appearance of the first observed blood clot and the time for total block of blood flow in arteries and veins. A trained observer uses 4 stop watches to times for the first appearance of platelet aggregation and for flow stop. The times recorded by the observer are double-checked through replaying of recorded video tapes. Environmental and nutritional influences on brain circulation were of interest - which included: dehydration by water deprivation, exposure to high temperature, and exposure to lead. Also of interest, was to test drugs and agents that would alleviate the adverse effects of these detrimental factors. Treatments with drugs such as aspirin and with a medicinal plant such as garlic were studied in this effect. Collectively, data of these studies elucidated that dehydration, high temperature and lead had adverse effects on blood clotting processes, while treatments with aspirin and garlic, among others, were beneficial. This presentation involves making recommendations for body hydration and protection from high environmental temperature, particularly for those who are susceptible, such as children, the elderly and outdoor workers. This presentation also urges for utilizing research outcomes and collaboration among concerned entities about human health for best benefits to health and to the society in the long run.