1887
Volume 2015, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 0253-8253
  • EISSN: 2227-0426

Abstract

Despite the large number of caregivers suffering from various psychiatric disorders, research on psychological symptoms among caregivers of hospitalized patients is lacking in Saudi populations. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among caregivers of hospitalized Saudi patients. A cross-sectional study of depression, anxiety and stress among caregivers of hospitalized patients was conducted. Arabic speaking caregivers (n = 353) between the ages of 14 and 80 years were included in the study. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) test (Arabic version) was used to measure the three psychological symptoms. The study has shown high rates of depression, anxiety and stress among caregivers (72.8%, 76.5%, and 61.5%, respectively). Depression was found to be associated with long-term hospital stay (81.4% vs. 69.3%; p-value = 0.021) and family caregivers (75.4% vs. 46.9%, p-value = 0.001). Anxiety was found to be associated with family caregivers (78.8% vs. 53.1%; p-value = 0.001). The three psychological symptoms were higher among those with an age above 20 years old (p-value < 0.05). Multivariate logistic models show the risk of the psychological symptoms increased with low-income, higher education, immediate relation to the patient, and older caregivers. The findings suggest that the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were very common among caregivers. The results showed that approximately 8 out of 10 caregivers suffer from at least one psychiatric disorder. Older, low socioeconomic status, and well-educated caregivers were identified as being at higher risk of developing psychiatric symptoms.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2015.3
2015-04-18
2024-11-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/qmj/2015/1/qmj.2015.3.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2015.3&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Sansoni J, Riccio P, Vellone E, Piras G. Family dynamics: Sleep quality of women caregivers of family members with Alzheimer disease. Prof Inferm. 1999; 52:2:915.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Sansoni J, Vellone E, Piras G. Anxiety and depression in community-dwelling, Italian Alzheimer's disease caregivers. Int J Nurs Pract. 2004; 10:2:93100.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Schulz R, Belle SH, Czaja SJ, McGinnis KA, Stevens A, Zhang S. Long-term care placement of dementia patients and caregiver health and well-being. J Am Med Assoc. 2004; 292:8:961967.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Whitlatch CJ, Feinberg LF, Sebesta DS. Depression and health in family caregivers: adaptation over time. J Aging Health. 1997; 9:2:222243.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Ho A, Collins SR, Davis K, Doty MM. A look at working-age caregivers' roles, health concerns, and need for support. Issue Brief (Commonw Fund). 2005; 854::112.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Jensen S, Given B. Fatigue affecting family caregivers of cancer patients. Supportive care in cancer. 1993; 1:6:321325.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Pavalko E, Woodbury W. Social roles as process: Caregiving careers and women's health. J Health Soc Behav. 2000; 41:1:91105.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Stephens M, Townsend A, Martire L, Druley JA. Balancing parent care with other roles: Interrole conflict of adult daughter caregivers. J Gerentol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2001; 56::2434.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Jepson C, McCorkle R, Adler D, Nuamah I, Lusk E. Effects of home care on caregivers' psychological status. J Nurs Scholarsh. 1999; 31:2:115120.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Given C, Given B, Stommel M, Stommel M, Azzouz F. The impact of new demands for assistance on caregiver depression: Testing an inception cohort. Gerontologist. 1999; 39::7685.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Nijboer C, Triemstra M, Tempelaar R, Sanderman R, van den Bos GA. Determinants of caregiving experiences and mental health of partners of cancer patients. Cancer. 1999; 86:4:577588.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Anderson WG, Arnold RM, Angus DC, Bryce CL. Posttraumatic stress and complicated grief in family members of patients in the intensive care unit. J Gen Intern Med. 2008; 23:11:18711876.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Zarit S. Assessment of Family Caregivers: A Research Perspective in Family Caregiver Alliance (Eds.), Caregiver Assessment: Voices and Views from the Field. Report from a National Consensus Development Conference 2006; (Vol. II) (pp. 12–37). San Francisco: Family Caregiver Alliance.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Mahmoudi-Gharaei J, Mostafavi S, Alirezaei N. Quality of Life and the Associated Psychological Factors in Caregivers of Children with PKU. Iran J Psychiatry. 2011; 6::6669.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Sherif T, Jehani T, Saadani M, Andejani AW. Adult oncology and chronically ill patients: comparison of depression, anxiety and caregivers' quality of life. East Mediterr Health J. 2001; 7::502509.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Almansour MA, Alateeq MA, Alzahrani MK, Algeffari MA, Alhomaidan HT. Depression and anxiety among parents and caregivers of autistic spectral disorder children. Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2013; 18::5863.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1995; 33:3:335343.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Taouk M, Lovibond PF, Laube R. 2001;. Psychometric properties of an Arabic version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS21). Report for New South Wales Transcultural Mental Health Centre, Cumberland Hospital, Sydney.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Pöysti MM, Laakkonen ML, Strandberg T, Savikko N, Tilvis RS, Eloniemi-Sulkava U, Pitkälä KH. Gender differences in dementia spousal caregiving. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2012; 2012::162960. doi: 10.1155/2012/162960. Epub 2012 Sep 30.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2015.3
Loading
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2015.3
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): anxietycaregiversDASSdepressionSaudi Arabia and stress
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error