1887
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Qatar Medical Journal
  4. Volume 2024, Issue 1
  5. Article
Volume 2024, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 0253-8253
  • EISSN: 2227-0426

Abstract

Background: Myiasis is a neglected disease, characterized by ill-defined diagnostics and management protocols. Published epidemiological and clinical studies of myiasis are still scarce, although several countries, such as Oman, have reported a few cases over the past 30 years. This study explores the epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of myiasis in South Batinah Governorate (SBG), Oman.

Methodology: A prospective surveillance study was conducted in SBG from 1st November 2018 to 31st October 2019. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected using a pre-designed reporting form for suspected and confirmed cases.

Results: A total of 188 cases were reported, of which 81.4% were male. One-third of cases were 11–20 years old, and a quarter reported exposure inside house. The rate of exposure was 16 per 10000 in Nakhal and Wadi Mawel. About 57% patients reported multiple re-exposure. Almost 60% of patients developed nasal or oral myiasis, 25% developed myiasis in the eye, and 4% in the ear. The most common respiratory symptoms were cough (83%), runny nose (48%), and foreign body sensation (35%). Over 50% of patients with eye exposures had redness, pain, and itchiness. Most patients (89.3%) kept animals at homes. Many cases occurred between December 2018 and April 2019, with almost one-third of exposures occurring at 5 p.m. Re-exposure likelihood for patients residing in Nakhal and Wadi Mawel was high; OR = 2.49 (95% CI 1.14–5.45), with OR = 3.59 (95% CI 1.37–9.39) for 11–20-year-olds and, OR = 3.01 (95% CI 1.07–8.42) for patients ≥ 31 years.

Conclusion: The myiasis exposure rate is high in certain areas and age groups, which is most likely associated with animal-related activities. The disease has a significant impact upon people’s health in SBG. Therefore, urgent active-surveillance and clinical studies are warranted to explore possible preventive measures and treatment options. Adopting one health approach could offer an effective strategy for preventing myiasis in human and animal populations.

© 2024 Almayahi, Al Hattali, Al Kharusi, Al Shaqsi, Anis, Licensee HBKU Press.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2024.15
2024-03-14
2024-11-07
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/qmj/2024/1/qmj.2024.15.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2024.15&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Francesconi F, Lupi O. Myiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012 Jan; 25:(1):79–105. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00010-11
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Ahaduzzaman M. The global and regional prevalence of oestrosis in sheep and goats: a systematic review of articles and meta-analysis. Parasit Vectors. 2019 Jul 12; 12:(1):346. doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3597-2
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Gracia MJ, Ruíz de Arcaute M, Ferrer LM, Ramo M, Jiménez C, Figueras L. Oestrosis: parasitism by Oestrus ovis. Small Rumin Res. 2019 Jan; 181:91–8. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.04.017
     [Google Scholar]
  4. El-Tahawy AS. The prevalence of selected diseases and syndromes affecting Barki sheep with special emphasis on their economic impact. Small Rumin Res. 2010; 90:(1):83–7. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.01.013
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Rodrigues FT, D’Acri AM, Lessa CSS, Aguiar VM. Profile of pediatric patients with myiasis treated at a tertiary hospital in Rio de Janeiro. An Bras Dermatol. 2021 Sep-Oct; 96:369–72. doi: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.05.018
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Notejane M, Zabala C, Ibarra L, Sosa L, Giachetto G. Children hospitalized for myiasis in a reference center in Uruguay. Bol Méd Hosp Infant México. 2021 Jun 2; 78:(4):287–92. doi: 10.24875/bmhim.20000236
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Rana AK, Sharma R, Sharma VK, Mehrotra A, Singh R. Otorhinolaryngological myiasis: the problem and its presentations in the weak and forgotten. Ghana Med J. 2020; 54:(3):173–8. doi: 10.4314/gmj.v54i3.8
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Al-Ismaily M, Scully C. Oral myiasis: report of two cases. Int J Paediatr Dent. 1995 Sep; 5:(3):177–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.1995.tb00303.x
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Victor R, Bhargva K. Ophthalmomyiasis in Oman: a case report and comments. Wilderness Environ Med. 1998; 9:(1):32–5. doi: 10.1580/1080-6032(1998)009[0032:OIOACR]2.3.CO;2
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Aich A, Al-Ismaili S, Ramadhan FA, Al-Wardi THM, Al-Salmi Q, Al-Hashami H. Eosinophilic Pneumonia in a patient with bronchial myiasis. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2015; 15:(4):e546–9. doi: 10.18295/squmj.2015.15.04.018
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Sher A, Latif SA. First case of nosocomial nasal myiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana in Kuwait. Open Access Libr J. 2022 Sep; 9:(9):1–5. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1109256
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Alsaedi OK, Alqahtani MM, Al-Mubarak LA. Wound myiasis by housefly in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2023 Sep; 44:(9):940–3. doi: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.9.20220938
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Hira PR, Assad RM, Okasha G, Al-Ali FM, Iqbal J, Mutawali KE, et al. Myiasis in Kuwait: nosocomial infections caused by Lucilia sericata and Megaselia scalaris. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Apr; 70:(4):386–9. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2004.70.386
     [Google Scholar]
  14. eCensus Portal. Census of population, housing and establishments. (2023). Available online at: https://portal.ecensus.gov.om/ecen-portal/ (Accessed February 20, 2021).
     [Google Scholar]
  15. AlSablah AlOmania. The people of the Hajar Mountains suffer from the (Al-Disa). Available online at: https://www.omaniaa.co/showthread.php?t=133252 (Accessed September 15, 2023).
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Sablat Oman. The sheep fly (disse) attacks citizens in the mountains?!! Available online at: https://avb.s-oman.net/showthread.php?t=1523256 (Accessed September 15, 2023).
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Dos Passos JBS, Coelho LV, de Arruda JAA, Silva LVO, do Valle IB, Santos MS, et al. Oral myiasis: Analysis of cases reported in the English literature from 1990 to 2020. Spec Care Dent. 2021; 41:(1):20–31. doi: 10.1111/scd.12533
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Parsh S, Parsh B. Treating parasitic human botfly. Nursing. 2019; 49:(7):65–6. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000558094.46217.e1
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Jain A, Taneja S. Oral myiasis affecting paediatric patients: a systematic review. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022; 123:(3):e32–6. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2021.07.006
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Abdellatif MZM, Elmazar HMF, Essa AB. Oestrus ovis as a Cause of Red Eye in Aljabal Algharbi, Libya. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2011; 18:(4):305–8. doi: 10.4103/0974-9233.90133
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Fernandes LF, Pimenta FC, Fernandes FF. First report of human myiasis in Goiás State, Brazil: frequency of different types of myiasis, their various etiological agents, and associated factors. J Parasitol. 2009; 95:(1):32–8. doi: 10.1645/GE-1103.1
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Gracía MJ, Lucientes J, Peribáñez MA, Calvete C, Ferrer LM, Castillo JA. Kinetics of oestrus ovis infection and activity of adult flies. Parasite Paris Fr. 2006; 13:(4):311–3. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2006134311
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Arora S, Sharma JK, Pippal SK, Sethi Y, Yadav A. Clinical etiology of myiasis in ENT: a reterograde period--interval study. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2009; 75:(3):356–61. doi: 10.1016/s1808-8694(15)30651-0
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Singh I, Gathwala G, Yadav SP, Wig U, Jakhar KK. Myiasis in children: the Indian perspective. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1993 Jan; 25:(1–3):127–31. doi: 10.1016/0165-5876(93)90045-5
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Bettadahalli V, Singh GB, Kumar S, Mirdha BR. A rare case of tracheostomal myiasis in a child. Ear Nose Throat J. 2022 Jun; 101:(5):NP196–8. doi: 10.1177/0145561320958977
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Payán-Gómez C, Cabal-Herrera AM, Caicedo-Rosales JA, Saldarriaga-Gil W. Severe vaginal myiasis: successful management with Ivermectin. Int J Infect Dis IJID. 2022 Sep; 122:398–400. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.021
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Espinosa H, Salgado OJ, Espinosa-Martin L, Salazar-Torres K. Myiasis in a neglected elderly: urgent action needed in South America. Int Med Case Rep J. 2022 Dec 14;15:719–24. doi: 10.2147/IMCRJ.S386843
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Hosni EM, Nasser MG, Al-Ashaal SA, Rady MH, Kenawy MA. Modeling current and future global distribution of Chrysomya bezziana under changing climate. Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 25; 10:4947. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61962-8
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Dinulos JE, Dinulos JG. Present and future: Infectious tropical travel rashes and the impact of climate change. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2023 Dec 24; 130:(4):452–62. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.12.025
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Hall MJR, Wall RL, Stevens JR. Traumatic myiasis: a neglected disease in a changing world. Annu Rev Entomol. 2016; 61:(1):159–176. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023655
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2024.15
Loading
The epidemiology and clinical features of the neglected myiasis: A pilot surveillance study from Oman
Qatar Medical Journal 2024, 15 (2024); https://doi.org/10.5339/qmj.2024.15
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2024.15
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2024.15
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): myiasis, neglected disease, Oman, one health, surveillance and zoonotic disease

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error