Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care - 3 - The International and Scientific Conference of Alnahrain College of Medicine and Colleges of Medicine in Iraq confronting COVID-19 Pandemic (ISMC-2022) , July 2022

Since December 2019, a local outbreak in China of atypical pneumonia has gradually spread all over the world in a few months; this set off a worldwide pandemic of a newly designated viral respiratory disease called COVID-19 which is caused by a new member of the Coronaviridae family, being named SARS-CoV-2 with multiple emerging variants1. This pandemic shed a burden on different sectors of life particularly health, economy, and edu Read More

Background: Innate immunity plays an important role in deciding the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and disease outcomes. Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that are produced by epithelial cells in mucosal locations and play a key role in innate immunity. Understanding COVID-19 mucosal agents and their role in disease severity is critical for developing therapeutic options and identification of prognostic markers for CO Read More

Background: Healthcare providers are facing unprecedented challenges in the era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The current situation compels the use of alternatives for communication between the patients and healthcare providers. The use of telemedicine has expanded globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. The range of online consultations varies from advising patients to providing diagnosis and follow-up. Read More

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The release of alarmins results in a “cytokine storm,” which can be attenuated by the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone. Aim: To evaluate and assess the effect of dexamethasone in two different doses, on D-dimer, serum ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and granulocyte/ly Read More

Background: Acute limb arterial thrombosis (LAT) is defined as a sudden reduction in arterial supply to the extremity to a degree that affects its viability. Patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) have unbalanced coagulation profiles and are prone to thromboembolic events. Prompt diagnosis of LAT and appropriate urgent intervention, whenever possib Read More

Background: The production of a successful vaccine has become a global dream since the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. However, doubts abound about vaccine safety. In this study, we aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of adverse effects in Iraqi adults from the COVID-19 vaccines used in Iraq. Methods: The study was a retrospective, cross-section Read More

Introduction: Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has spread locally in Wuhan, China, and later on, a worldwide outbreak occurred. Invasive fungal infections can cause complications in critically ill immunocompromised patients of COVID-19, especially those admitted to intensive care units and who required mechanical ventilation. Candida albicans have been the most common pat Read More

Background: During the pandemic of COVID 19, several colleges throughout the world either delayed or canceled their activities to minimize the risk of virus transmission. However, these measures had high medical and social impacts on both undergraduate and postgraduate students. The aim of the current study was to measure the attitude of medical students at 5th and 6th study levels for e-learning and clinical training during the pande Read More

Background: The reversed halo sign described in the pre-COVID era in certain pulmonary pathologies, most notably cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, has been reported with varying frequency in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, we aimed to analyze the pattern of the reversed halo sign and its variant, the bullseye sign in patie Read More

Background: On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, also called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic after its emergence in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and D-dimer serum levels and genotypes of rs5186 (A1166C) in the AGTR1 gene as potential p Read More

Background: Trauma is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide for all age groups, especially in the younger age group. The purpose of the current study is to assess/analyze the factors for mortality in penetrating abdominal traumas with respect to the total number of intra-abdominal organs injured, related extra-abdominal injuries, gender, type of injury, time of arrival, and amount of blood transfusion needed during the pandemic Read More

Background: A cytokine storm is a serious clinical condition that complicates infectious diseases, for example, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and non-infectious diseases such as autoimmune diseases and cancer and may often lead to death. The patients who are affected by the cytokine storm are almost always severe/critical and at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome or eventually death. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as inte Read More

Background: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines such as Pfizer–BioNTech have confirmed a high efficiency; however, there is a limitation of data existence about the duration of immune responses and their relation to age and side effects. The aim of this study is to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD IgG level after 30 days (1 month) and 120 days (4 months) of the second dose of Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine administered to the medical students of the Read More

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affects all aspects of life all over the world; general surgeons are highly affected along with other healthcare personnel. A gloomy course of the disease makes it hazardous till now; its impact and ways of protection should be of concern for us so that we can keep on our works. Methods: A survey was carried out at our hospital among general surgeons and surgeons of other specialties of the cours Read More

Background: Vaccination proved useful in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; however, there were instances of breakthrough infection occurred. Unvaccinated people are liable to have a severe infection while infection in vaccinated people has different outcomes, especially in relation to the type of vaccine. In this study, we aimed to assess the severity of the disease in unvaccinated people a Read More