Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings Volume 2018 Issue 1

Qatar is a high income country ($129,700 GDP per capita), where gas and oil accounts for 92% export earnings of the country. The International market for gas is recently going through a major transformation, with both demand and supply growing from numerous quarters. There is hardly any literature that provides sound empirical and quantitative analysis of such impacts on gas exporting countries. The paper contributes Read More

Known to be one of the most arid regions in the world, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is particularly vulnerable to climate-induced impacts on water resources and food production. Despite this alarming situation, promoting adaptive governance strategies to deal with such increased hydrological risk remains a low priority for most of political leaderships in the region. It is increasingly clear that adaptation to Read More

Corrosion is the major cause of components, infra structures and equipment failure over the world, affecting seriously various critical sectors, including water and energy security. The direct cost of corrosion may reach 5% of the GDP in some countries, representing an important economic burden for companies and governments. Just to cite an example, operations and maintenance in offshore infrastructures may represent Read More

Palestinian energy sector has a big challenges which arises due to rapid increase in electrical demand, limited in traditional energy sources due to unstable conditions and high cost of fuel used to generate electricity. Recently, implementation of renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic systems (PVs) used as a solution to reduce the prices and utilities dependency on suppliers. There is significant potential for the use of t Read More

This work reports on sensitive and selective gas sensors based on copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were produced different methods including: colloid microwave assisted hydrothermal method, and co-precipitation method. Those methods enable a precise control of nanoparticle size, The produced nanoparticles were annealed at different temperatures. Structural analysis were carried out Read More

Conventional seawater desalination processes like the multi-stage flash (MSF) and multi-effect distillation (MED) are environmentally unsustainable. They consume large amounts of fossil fuels which are a major cause of climate change. Further, desalination plants discharge highly concentrated brine which can cause eutrophication and damage the marine life. Qatar, being a country that faces freshwater scarcity, is highly depen Read More

Transmission grid topology control (TC) is an emerging technology proposed in recent years to improve power system performance by using e xisting transmission lines more efficiently. Incorporated into the optimal power flow (OPF) with different objective functions, TC can be used for various purposes, such as operational cost reduction and corrective actions. As a leader of employing TC in the power industry, the Penn Read More

Introduction Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) defines food security as stable access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. Food waste is a global and complex problem that affects each of three pillars of sustainable development: environment, economic, and social (FAO, 2013). Food loss is defined as the decrease in quantity or quality of food, whereas food waste is the removal from the food supply chain of food whic Read More

Coral reefs are one of the most biologically diverse and complex marine ecosystems that are being degraded at rapid rates. This consistent steadily trend is especially critical in coastal areas that have experienced an impressive coastal development, as has been occurring in the Arabian Gulf. This Gulf harbours the coral reefs subjected to one of the most extreme environmental conditions worldwide, i.e. high salinities (often > Read More