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Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Volume 2012 Issue 1
- Conference date: 21-23 Oct 2012
- Location: Qatar National Convention Center (QNCC), Doha, Qatar
- Volume number: 2012
- Published: 01 October 2012
1 - 20 of 469 results
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User engagement in the digital world
More LessIn the online world, user engagement refers to the quality of the user experience that emphasizes the positive aspects of the interaction with a web application and, in particular, the phenomena associated with wanting to use that application longer and frequently. This definition is motivated by the observation that successful web applications are not just used, but they are engaged with. Users invest time, attention, and emotion Read More
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Mice as animal models for human disease
More LessAuthors: Zaher Hanna and Paul JolicoeurBackground: Many human diseases lack validated animal models, hampering translational progress in several important disease areas. New and improved models can often be developed by recapitulating phenotypes related to those associated with human diseases. Objectives: Our lab has been interested in generating and characterizing several transgenic (Tg) animal models. These Tg animals were used to explore, on the Read More
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The proprotein convertases in health and disease
More LessBackground: The mammalian proprotein convertases (PCs) constitute a family of nine secretory serine proteases related to bacterial subtilisin and yeast kexin. Seven of them (PC1/3, PC2, furin, PC4, PC5/6, PACE4 and PC7) activate cellular and pathogen precursor proteins by cleavage at single or paired basic residues, while SKI-1/S1P and PCSK9 regulate cholesterol/lipid homeostasis via cleavage at non-basic residues or through Read More
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Identification and characterization of inhibitors of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) as potential therapeutics for multiple myeloma
More LessMultiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most common hematological malignancies, but current therapy options are limited to high-dose chemotherapy or high-risk stem-cell transplantation. In a recent kinome-wide RNAi study by Tiedemann and colleagues (2010), the G-protein coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) was identified as a critical kinase required for survival of MM cells. This study also suggests that MM ce Read More
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Personalized peptide-based vaccine design for prostate cancer immunotherapy
More LessAuthors: Simo Arreadouani, H. Kissick, L. Dunn, S.T. On and M.G. SandaBackground: The recent approval by the FDA of the autologous, cell-based vaccine Provenge was hailed as a major advance for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and reinvigorated interest in the field of PCa immunotherapy. Peptide-based vaccines represent a viable, cost-effective formulation in the field of cancer vaccine development. This approach has been used successfully to treat melanoma where va Read More
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Pharmacological modulators of stem cells as novel therapeutics
More LessAuthors: Ramzey Abujarour, Bahram Valamehr, Monica Bennett, Megan Robinson and Peter FlynnFate Therapeutics (Fate) is pursuing the pharmacological modulation of adult stem cells to enhance tissue regeneration. Fate's lead clinical program, ProHema, consists of pharmacologically-enhanced hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), designed to improve HSC engraftment and hematopoietic reconstitution during the normal course of a stem cell transplant for the treatment of patients with hematologic malignan Read More
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Selective inhibition of nuclear export function for cancer therapy
More LessAuthors: Ramzi M Mohammad, Asfar S. Azmi, Sharon Shacham and Michael KauffmanBackground and Aims: Tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) are inactivated by many different mechanisms, including nuclear exclusion by the chromosome region maintenance protein (CRM-1). Increased tumor levels of CRM-1 have been correlated with poor prognosis of patients with different cancers, making it a therapeutic target. We have developed selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) that bind to CRM-1 to Read More
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Regulation of ERBB2 signaling and response to Trastuzumab by DARPP-32 in esophageal adenocarcinoma
More LessAuthors: Wael El-Rifai and Jun HongBackground: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is characterized by a poor response to therapy with less than 10% five-year survival rates. Although Herceptin, a humanized monoclonal anti-ERBB2 antibody, has been successfully used for treatment of ERBB2-positive metastatic breast and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, a significant proportion of patients either fail to achieve initial response or develop acq Read More
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Efficient siRNA delivery and gene silencing using self-assembled rosette nanotubes
More LessAuthors: Hicham Fenniri, Uyen Ho and Aws AlshamsanBackground: Self-assembly and self-organization processes offer a powerful strategy for the design of nanomaterials from the ground up with predefined dimensions and properties. Central to these approaches is the design and synthesis of molecules with a built-in ability to undergo a hierarchical sequence of supramolecular reactions, culminating with the formation of a well-defined functional superstructure. The roset Read More
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Insights into the mechanism of function of a protein unfolding and degradation system
More LessBy Walid HouryClpP is a cylindrical tetradecameric serine protease whose activity is regulated by the unfoldase ATP-dependent chaperones ClpX and ClpA of the AAA+ superfamily. The chaperones act to select substrate proteins, unfold them, and then thread them into the ClpP cylinder for degradation. ClpP can only degrade small peptides on its own. Structural and functional studies from my group have elucidated the mechanism of function Read More
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The cancer multi-disciplinary team from the co-ordinators' perspective:
More LessAuthors: Rozh Jalil, Benjamin Lamb, Stephanie Russ, Nick Sevdalis and James GreenBackground: The multi-disciplinary team (MDT) coordinator’s role is relatively new and as such is evolving. What is apparent is that the coordinator's work is pivotal to the effectiveness and efficiency of an MDT. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the views and needs of MDT-coordinators. Methods: Views of MDT-coordinators were evaluated through an online survey that covered their current practice and role Read More
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Analog-to-digital conversion, a practical approach and its applications in real world system-on-chip (SOC)
More LessBy Maher SarrajData converters play a crucial role in interfacing real time analog signals to the digital processing circuitry. Almost every SOC (system-on-chip) silicon design has an analog front/back end, which includes either an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) or a DAC (digital-to-analog converter). There is a wide range of applications that uses data converters spanning from medical systems to industrial control to audio players like the iP Read More
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Design and fundamental limitations of large-scale coherent dynamical networks
More LessNetworks of dynamical systems occur in diverse areas of engineering, such as distributed computation, automated vehicular formations, and power systems networks. We investigate the interplay between network coherence and the network's interconnection topology. In such networks, synchronization or more general coherence under stochastic uncertainty is an important measure of performance. For example, in pow Read More
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High-Tc superconductivity: from basic research to useful applications
More LessAuthors: Walid Malaeb, Yukiaki Ishida, Kozo Okazaki, Yuuichi Ota and Sik ShinBackground: Superconductivity is the complete loss of electric resistance in some elements and compounds cooled below a transition temperature (Tc). Since its discovery more than 100 years ago, this phenomenon has enriched basic science in ways that nobody could have foreseen. Moreover, superconductors have been used in various applications like power transmission, high magnetic field generation, levitated hig Read More
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Integration of solar energy with post-combustion carbon capture
More LessAuthors: Ali Abbas, Abdul Qadir, Rajab Khalilpour and Matteo ChiesaBackground: A techno-economic analysis has been performed for a coal-fired power plant retrofitted with solvent-based post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) technology where thermal energy is partially supplied by solar thermal collectors. The plant is compared with a generic PCC plant where all the thermal energy is provided by steam bled from the steam cycle. A suite of solar thermal collectors which include flat plate Read More
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Modeling and characterization of deformation in magnesium alloys for energy efficiency
More LessAuthors: Hussein Zbib, Hesam Askari, John Young, David Field and Ghassan KridliThe need to produce vehicles with improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions has led the automotive industry to consider the use of "lightweighting" materials in the construction of automotive body and chassis systems. Towards this end, interest has been increasingly focusing on the use of sheet magnesium in the manufacture of panels and structural components by utilizing recent advances in twin-roll casting tec Read More
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Recent progress in wide bandgap materials GaN/InGaN for concentrated photovoltaics
More LessAuthors: Abdallah Ougazzaden, K. Pantzasa, T. Moudakirb, S. Sureshb, Y. El Gmilib, J. Dickersona and P. L. VossaIn recent years, concentration has been adopted as a promising strategy to high $/W ratio of photovoltaic energy conversion. In concentrated photovoltaics, the Sun's energy is focused into a smaller area allowing for the conversion of sunlight into electricity using only a small low-cost photovoltaic cell. Conventional solar concentrators, which use III-V are, however, costly to produce. Ideally, the material should perform Read More
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Chlorine dioxide production on-demand under ambient temperature and pH in water
More LessAuthors: Mahdi Abu-Omar, Scott Hicks and Curt BougherThe oxyanions of chlorine have seen multiple uses from bleaching to oxidizers in rocket fuel. Concerns over their accumulation in the environment, particularly that of perchlorate, have risen over the past two decades. Both chlorate (ClO₃¯) and chlorite (ClO₂¯) are employed in the generation of chlorine dioxide gas (ClO₂), which has been used in water treatment, disinfections, the pulp bleaching industry, and as an oxidizing agent Read More
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Evaluation of contaminant transport and vulnerability of groundwater using the emission-transmission-immission-concept (ETI)
More LessBy Rafig AzzamThe evaluation of the contaminant transport is dictated by the Federal Soil Protection Regulation (BBodSchV, 1999) for sites that are suspected to endanger the groundwater. Vulnerability maps are often used for this evaluation. However, vulnerability maps consider the intrinsic vulnerability according to different methods taking some soil properties into account. Such qualitative method is not accurate when it comes to calcu Read More
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Variation in codend selectivity parameters between hauls and years in trawl nets for swordtip squid (Loligo edulis)
More LessAuthors: Mohamed Salah Mahjoub, Daisuke Shiode and Tadashi TokaiBackground: Trawl net fisheries are effective fishing activities, but often cause bycacth and discards issues for commercial species of unmarketable small size and endangered species. It is well accepted that codend mesh has size sorting properties for fish and other animals, and the codend selectivity is usually used as one of fisheries management measures to protect small animals. In the ocean, squids are abundant and stil Read More
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