Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Volume 2012 Issue 1

Over the past several years organic Rankine cycle (ORC) processes have become a promising technology for power production from low grade heat sources, such as solar, biomass, geothermal and waste heat. A key challenge in design is the selection of an appropriate working fluid. ORC systems that use single components as working fluids have two major shortcomings. First, in the majority of applications, the temperatu Read More

Background: Sandwich panels with low density core constructions are a class of structural elements with superior structural performance compared to traditional solid panels. Sandwich panels, compared to solid panels of equal mass, generally have much higher bending stiffness and comparable stretching stiffness, thus undergoing smaller deformation under loading. The potential advantage of sandwich panels for mi Read More

Electrolyte solutions occur in many natural systems and are present in several industrial processes. Aqueous solutions of electrolytes are particularly important for designing water purification and treatment systems, among which water desalination processes. The design of processes with electrolyte solutions may require determining phase equilibrium conditions, and predicting volumetric and calorimetric properties. Read More

Background: Many failures of engineering structures and equipment are attributed to the failure of a single component. It is of great importance to identify those critical components and understand how components' criticality changes over time under dynamic environments. Objective: In this paper, we investigate the criticality analysis for components with multi-dimensional degradation under time-varying environmental cond Read More

It's been many years since the invention of the internal combustion engine. These engines are getting more challenging due to the concerns of ever increasingly harmful pollutions and limited energy sources. Environmental regulations have been more restrictive, and car manufacturers have invested more into reducing emitted pollutions and fuel consumption. It is well recognized that for spark ignition (SI) engines, the ai Read More

Realization of multilevel inverters for multiphase high power AC drives with open-end windings is presented in this paper, with a specific case of five-phase five-level inverter configurations. The five-level voltage profile is realized by feeding both ends of the stator windings using a three-level five-phase flying capacitor inverter on one side and a five-phase two-level inverter on the other side. The flying capacitors' voltages are Read More

The countries of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) have established an interconnected power system network. The primary goal was to share the spinning reserve among the GCC power grids. The project considered the commercial use of the network by aiming to reduce the cost of power generation in the six GCC states while encouraging power trade in order to meet growing needs. The GCC interconnection authority pro Read More

Cadmium is a naturally occurring metal and is usually present in the environment as a mineral combined with other elements, such as oxygen, chlorine, and sulfur, or as a minor component of most metal ores such as zinc, lead, and copper. Cadmium is also released in the environment from industrial activity; in particular, ore-smelting plants, industrial paints, and agricultural fertilizers. Over the last few decades, conside Read More

Qatar established it vision 2030 in October, 2008 (Ibrahim, 2009), adopting the concept of sustainable development. Thus the understanding of the impact of poor wastewater management and degrading sewage systems should be highlighted. Additionally, new technology should be developed to fully decrease the pollution while focusing concern on the economic benefits of the process. We have chosen to evaluate both poultry Read More