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Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Volume 2013 Issue 1
- Conference date: 24-25 Nov 2013
- Location: Qatar National Convention Center (QNCC), Doha, Qatar
- Volume number: 2013
- Published: 20 November 2013
201 - 300 of 541 results
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Protective role of 4-phenylbutyrate against palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and renal cell injury
More LessBackground and Objectives: Obesity is recognized as a significant risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Emerging studies indicate that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play a major role in obesity-induced renal damage and the development of CKD in obese patients. Therapeutic interventions to ameliorate ER stress using 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone, have been shown to prevent o Read More
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The Impact Of Viral Evolution And Frequency Of Variant Epitopes On Primary And Memory Hiv-1-Specific Cd8+ T Cell Responses
By Nada MelhemIt is not clear if HIV-1 variants lose the ability to prime naïve CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) during progressive, untreated infection. Answering this question is important for developing immunotherapeutic approaches for enhanced control of residual HIV-1 infection in persons on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We therefore conducted a comprehensive longitudinal analysis of viral evolution and its impact on primary Read More
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Coronary artery bypass graft patients in Qatar: Possibly the youngest with the highest incidence of diabetes in the world
More LessCoronary Artery Disease in Qatar: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) - population possibly the youngest with the highest incidence of diabetes in the world. CS Carr, M Abdulsamad, AM Alkhulaifi Objective: Coronary artery disease is a potentially life-threatening condition. At the Heart Hospital we have an internationally established surgical database to collect data on our cardiac surgical patients. We studied our isolated CABG p Read More
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Vitamin D Suppresses Hepcidin Expression In Macrophages
More LessBackground: Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is highly prevalent among subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and cancer as well as in elderly subjects. ACD is also highly associated with infections, severe trauma and critical illness. Anemia of chronic disease is immune driven and is associated with decreased quality of life, and increased mortality. Iron is an essential nutrient for erythr Read More
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Metformin Protects Against Glucose-Induced Mouse Microvascular Endothelial Cell (Mmec) Death
By Hong DingBackground and Objectives: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with an elevated incidence of cardiovascular disease. An early indicator of cardiovascular disease is endothelial dysfunction wherein there is a blunted blood flow response following activation of the endothelium. The elevated blood glucose associated with diabetes is thought to be a key factor associated with endothelial dysfunction and, in particular, t Read More
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Beliefs and values influencing breast cancer screening practices of Arabic-speaking women in Qatar
More LessIntroduction: Similar to many countries in the world, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the State of Qatar and the incidence rate is rising. Previous findings indicate women in Qatar are often diagnosed with breast cancer at advanced stages and their awareness of breast cancer screening (BCS) services and participation rates in screening activities are low. Previous studies indicate the need to un Read More
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HIV sero-discordancy can be predictive of HIV infectiousness in sub-Saharan Africa
More LessIntroduction: The majority of the population in reproductive age across sub-Saharan Africa is engaged in stable couples. At least half of the couples affected by HIV are sero-discordant (SDCs), that is couples where one of the partners is HIV infected while the other is not, with potential for HIV within-couple transmission. Countries of sub-Saharan Africa are characterized by varying levels of HIV sero-discordancy. HIV infectiousn Read More
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Auto-Regulation And Cerebral Blood Flow In Tia Patients Attending A Stroke/Tia Clinic: Implications For Stroke Prevention In Qatar
More LessBackground and objectives: Cerebral auto-regulation is an intrinsic protective mechanism guaranteeing hemodynamic integrity of cerebral circulation. It modulates cerebral blood flow (CBF) in order to meet regional perfusion demands despite variations in arterial blood pressure. Impaired cerebral auto-regulation is associated with poor functional and prognostic outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke. The aims Read More
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HIV Nef expression in an AIDS mouse model favors the accumulation of CD4+ Treg cells which retain important suppressive functions
By Zaher HannaHIV-1 infection causes depletion and/or dysfunction of distinct CD4+ T cell subsets and may affect these differently. Regulatory CD4+ CD25Hi Foxp3+ T cells (Treg) represent a distinct CD4+ T cell subset with suppressor activity. These cells play an important role in the regulation of self-tolerance and autoimmunity, and in the regulation of immune responses against cancerous tumors and pathogens. During HIV infection, Read More
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Epidemiology of candidemia in Qatar: Performance of MALDI-TOF MS for identification of candida species, species distribution, outcome and susceptibility pattern
More LessBlood stream infections due to Candida species cause significant morbidity and mortality in health care settings. This surveillance analysis describes the epidemiology, trend in species distribution and outcomes of candidemia in patients at Hamad hospital, Doha, Qatar. From January 2004 to December 2010, a total of 187 patients with 201 episodes of candidemia were identified. C. albicans was the most common species isol Read More
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QBB: The first Qatar public biobank: Participant feedback and observations
By Nahla AfifiQatar Biobank (QBB), the first very large scale, long-term public biorepository in Qatar, is designed to build a powerful research infrastructure for future investigations of the lifestyle, metabolic and genetic risk factors for the most frequent medical conditions in Qatar, namely diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, obesity and cancer. Qatar Biobank's recruitment approach provides a model for public involve Read More
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Estrogen Receptor Α Gene And Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase (Vkorc1) Gene Haplotypes And Low Bmd In Palestinian Postmenopausal Women
More LessBackground Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and microarchetectual deterioration of bone tissue with increased susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporosis is considered a multifactorial polygenic disease. The prevalence of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Palestine, based on of BMD at femoral neck, total hip and spine was 24%, 14% and 29.7% respectively. Previous studies on the effect Read More
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Mimicking A Postprandial Increase In Glucose Has A Biphasic Action On Microvascular Function
More LessBackground and Objectives: The high morbidity and mortality associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are closely associated with an elevated incidence of cardiovascular disease. The importance of good glycaemic control for the reduction of risk, notably of microvascular disease, has been emphasised by the results from clinical trials such as the DCCT for type 1 diabetes and UKPDS for type 2 diabetes. Data from c Read More
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The Application of Experimental Microdosimetry to Mixed-Field Neutron-Gamma Dosimetry
More LessAbsorbed Dose Distributions In Lineal Energy For Neutrons And Gamma Rays Were Measured Using Both A Tissue-Equivalent Walled Counter (Tepc) And A Graphite-Walled Low Pressure Proportional Counter (Gpc) In The Am-Be Neutron Source Facility At Uoit. A Series Of Measurements Were Performed With The Counters Filled With Propane-Based Te Gas (55.1% C3H8, 39.5% Co2 And 5.4% N2) At Operating Gas Pressures Corr Read More
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Do Qatar Community Pharmacists Prescribe And Dispense Acute Community-Acquired Gastroenteritis Medications Rationally To Patrons? A Mystery Patient Study
More LessDo Qatar Community Pharmacists Prescribe and Dispense Acute Community-Acquired Gastroenteritis Medications Rationally to Patrons? A Mystery Patient Study
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Low-Complexity Wireless Monitoring Of Respiratory Movements Using Ultra-Wideband Impulse Response Estimation
By Furrukh SanaMonitoring of respiratory rate and amplitudes of a human being has important medical applications such as in health monitoring as well as in diagnosis of respiratory illnesses and disorders such as the sleep apnea disorder. Currently used techniques for respiratory monitoring require patients to wear sensors and electrodes across the chest to measure the respiratory effort. Such techniques not only cause discomfort t Read More
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Continuous And Noninvasive Hemoglobin Monitoring Reduces Red Blood Cell Transfusion During Neurosurgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
By Wael AwadaContext: Continuous, noninvasive hemoglobin (SpHb) monitoring provides clinicians with real-time trending of changes or lack of changes in hemoglobin, which has the potential to alter red blood cell transfusion decision making. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the impact of SpHb monitoring on blood transfusions in high blood loss surgery. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary academic hospital in Read More
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Monotherapy Versus Combination Gram Negative Empiric Antibiotic Therapy For Febrile Neutropenia In Children With Cancer
By Shane PawlukBackground: Children with cancer who are treated with intensive myelosuppressive chemotherapy or radiation therapy and develop neutropenia are at risk of developing life-threatening infections. In adult cancer patients with febrile neutropenia, some evidence suggests that there is no difference in efficacy between monotherapy and combination gram negative empiric antibiotic regimens. Outcomes of these different a Read More
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Analyzing Electrocardiograms Via Smartphone To Detect Cardiovascular Abnormalities
More LessCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally. According to the World Health Organization, around 17.3 million people died from CVD in 2008, which is estimated to increase to 23 million annually by 2030. This calls for the exploitation of the latest technology to analyze and detect heart diseases in a timely fashion. Electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of heart, and any irregularities in th Read More
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How Do Pharmacists Advise Diabetes Patient Self-Management During The Holy Month Of Ramadan?
More LessBackground Many diabetes patients choose to participate in the Ramadan fast despite medical and religious advice to the contrary. Pharmacists, especially in ambulatory care, are considered the most easily and readily accessible health care providers whose guidance can help ensure safe fasting for these patients. Objective The aim of this novel study is to describe Qatar pharmacists' current practice, knowledge, and attitu Read More
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Uncovering The Mechanisms Of Soft Tissue Injuries Associated With Acl Tear
More LessUncovering the Mechanisms of Soft Tissue Injuries Associated with ACL Tear
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Comparison Of Different Assays To Measure Antioxidant Capacity In Qatari Grown Food
More LessComparison of different assays to measure antioxidant capacity in Qatari grown food
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Synthesis And Pharmacological Screening Of Novel Piperine Derivatives As Potential Therapeutic Agents To Treat Chronic Kidney Disease
By Ayat HammadSynthesis and pharmacological screening of novel piperine derivatives as potential therapeutic agents to treat chronic kidney disease
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Bioinformatics applications for Bacteriophages and their pathogenic bacteria proteins Analysis
More LessIntroduction: E. coli is usually harmless to the host, sometimes causes diarrhoeal and other diseases in humans. In the meantime, S. aureus is the cause of a wide range of different kinds of major and minor pyogenic infections. Rational : The mechanical action of the bacteriophage on the selected bacteria species depend on their receptors that adsorb them to their hosts, some proteins of the bacterial outer membrane act Read More
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Epidemiological Study Of Patients Presenting With The First Seizure In Qatar.
More LessEpidemiological study of patients presenting with the first seizure in Qatar.
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Real-Time Gpu Implementation Of Correlation-Based Dense Matching Of Stereo Endoscopic Images For Surface Reconstruction
More LessReal-Time GPU Implementation of Correlation-Based Dense Matching of Stereo Endoscopic Images for Surface Reconstruction
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Patient-Specific Anatomy And Tissue Texture Models For Surgical Simulations
More LessPatient-Specific Anatomy and Tissue Texture Models for Surgical Simulations
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The Polyamine Binding Protein, Potd, Is Needed For Intracellular Establishment Of The Waterborne Pathogen Legionella Pneumophila
More LessThe Polyamine Binding Protein, PotD, Is Needed for Intracellular Establishment of the Waterborne Pathogen Legionella pneumophila
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Non-Motor Manifestations In Parkinson'S Disease: The Link Between Sense Of Smell, Subjective Visual Vertical (Svv) Perception And Micrographia
By Ali KhattabNon-motor manifestations in Parkinson's disease: The link between Sense of smell, subjective visual vertical (SVV) perception and micrographia
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Notch-Mediated Crosstalk Between Breast Cancer Cells And Endothelial Cells Induces A Transitional Endmt Phenotype Participating To An Endothelial Pro-Tumoral Niche
By Pegah GhiabiNotch-Mediated Crosstalk between Breast Cancer Cells and Endothelial Cells Induces a Transitional EndMT Phenotype Participating to an Endothelial Pro-tumoral Niche
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Sanad: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Smart Mobile Diabetes Management System Embedding Social Networking Platform
By Turki AlanziSANAD: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Smart Mobile Diabetes Management System Embedding Social Networking Platform
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Cross-Sectional Study Of Total And Central Body Fatness And C-Reactive Protein Among Qatari Men And Women: The Qatar Biobank Project
More LessCross-sectional study of total and central body fatness and c-reactive protein among Qatari men and women: The Qatar Biobank Project
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A Novel Bace-1 Inhibitor, F70Hab16 Reduces Oxidative Stress In Brain Tissues Of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia In Mice
More LessA Novel Bace-1 Inhibitor, F70Hab16 Reduces Oxidative Stress In Brain Tissues Of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia In Mice
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Running Mechanics And Spring-Mass Behaviour During Treadmill Repeated Sprints Are Different In Hypoxia And In Normoxia
More LessRunning mechanics and spring-mass behaviour during treadmill repeated sprints are different in hypoxia and in normoxia
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The comparison of Muscle strength and short-term endurance in the different periods of type 2 diabetes
By Boshra HatefBackground: patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are subjected to reduction in the quality and oxidative capacity of muscles. The effect of duration of diabetes on the muscle endurance response is not clear and strength as well .The aim of this study was the assessment of strength and endurance of knee extensor and flexor in the patients with T2DM<10 and T2DM>10 years in comparison with age, sex, BMI, ABI and PAI Read More
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Characterization Of Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Upon Loss Of Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperones
More LessCharacterization of growth factor receptor signaling upon loss of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones
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Development And Characterization Of Poly (Diol-Co-Tricarballylate) Biodegradable Matrices For Implantable Controlled Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering And Other Biomedical Applications
More LessDevelopment and characterization of poly (diol-co-tricarballylate) biodegradable matrices for implantable controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering and other biomedical applications
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Standardization Of An In Vitro Model Of Diabetic Nephropathy Using Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells
More LessStandardization of an in vitro model of diabetic nephropathy using Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells
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Development, Implementation, And Evaluation Of A Novel Medication Safety Health Promotion Program For Schoolchildren In Qatar
By Kyle WilbyDevelopment, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Novel Medication Safety Health Promotion Program for Schoolchildren in Qatar
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Etiologic Studies On Equine Motor Neuron Disease: A Natural Model For Als
More LessEtiologic Studies on Equine Motor Neuron Disease: A natural model for ALS
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Associations Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms(Rs2383207) On Chromosome 9P21 With Coronary Artery Diseases In Qatar
More LessAssociations of single nucleotide polymorphisms(rs2383207) on chromosome 9p21 with coronary artery diseases in Qatar
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Mechanism Of Regulation Of Extracellular Matrix Upon Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
More LessMechanism of regulation of extracellular matrix upon endoplasmic reticulum stress
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Assessment Of Parylene C Thin Films For Heart Valve Tissue Engineering
By Isra MareiAssessment of Parylene C Thin Films for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering
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Nanotechnology Approaches To The Treatment Of Pulmonary Hypertension: Gold Nanoparticles And No-Release
By Nura MohamedNanotechnology approaches to the treatment of pulmonary hypertension: Gold nanoparticles and NO-release
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Ultra-Wideband Mimo Channel Characterization For Healthcare Applications
By Marwa QaraqeThe idea of deploying multiple wireless sensors around the human body to enable ubiquitous healthcare by measuring continuously all the physiological data of interest has received considerable attention. Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a promising communication technology for short-range communication scenarios like body-centric wireless network (BCWN) (i.e, in the area of medical healthcare). UWB is characterized by lo Read More
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Knowledge of Risk Factors for Spontaneous Abortion among Qatari Arab Women
By Nish PatelSpontaneous abortion affects one in four of all pregnancies (Crenin, 2001). The rate of spontaneous abortion among Qatari Arab women presenting to Women's Hospital, Doha, Qatar is 34% (Women's Hospital, 2012) compared to the next highest ethnic minority (Egyptian Arab women) at 18%. Understanding and modifying risk factors for spontaneous abortion may prevent future miscarriages. Purpose: To assess the level of kno Read More
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Analysis Of Whole Genome Sequencing Data Of The Arabian, Percheron And Miniature Horse
More LessWhole genome sequencing provides a rich and unprecedented collection of the existing genetic variation in a genome. The development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has enabled a rapid and relatively inexpensive method for whole genome sequencing. The current archive of genetic variations in the horse is mostly based on the Thoroughbred mare used to generate the reference sequence (EquCab Read More
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Design And Synthesis Of New Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors As Potential Neuroprotective Agents
More LessBackground and Objectives: Monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzes the biodegradation of biogenic amine neurotransmitters and a variety of xenobiotic amines. Selective MAO B inhibitors are used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases while selective MAO A inhibitors are known antidepressants. Piperazine and pyrazole rings are common moieties in several MAO inhibitors. Th Read More
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Investigating The Function And Substrate Specificity Of Histone Deacetylase Enzymes:New Synthetic Tools To Investigate The Role Of Hdacs In Cancer
More LessInvestigating the Function and Substrate Specificity of Histone Deacetylase Enzymes:New Synthetic Tools to Investigate the Role of HDACs in Cancer
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Factors Influencing Breast Cancer Screening Practices Among Arabic Women Living in the State of Qatar: The Health Care Providers' Perspective
More LessBACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer contributing to morbidity and mortality among Arabic women in Qatar. Arabic women are at risk primarily due to their low participation rates in breast cancer screening practices and subsequent delayed diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, there must be a strong emphasis on the health care providers and the health care system to increase efforts in early detecti Read More
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Combining neonatal stress with schizophrenia susceptibility gene, dysbindin-1, is required for phenotypic changes in adulthood.
More LessAdult neurogenesis exists in two brain regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the hippocampal dentate gyrus. In schizophrenia, hippocampal neurogenesis has been widely characterized, however no evidence exists for whether SVZ neurogenesis might be involved in the disease. This is particularly interesting since antipsychotic drugs were already shown to increase SVZ neurogenesis in rats [1, 2]. Here, I have investigat Read More
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The Development Of Athlete-Specific Hematological Reference Intervals And The Effect Of Ethnicity On Key Hematological Markers
More LessBackground and Objectives: The development of athlete-specific hematological reference ranges are essential for sports physicians in the diagnosis of pathologies. Due to unique genetics and training modalities, athletes are known to have atypical hematologic profiles in comparison to the general population and between ethnic groups. The aims of this study were 1) to develop athlete-specific reference ranges and 2) to de Read More
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Hybrid Nanocomposite Polymers For Tissue Engineering
By Ali MohammedThe purpose of this project was to further investigate the characteristic properties of an inorganic-organic hybrid material with respect to its potential application in the field of tissue engineering. The organic component chosen for this project was a co-polymer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 3-trimethoxysilyl propylmethacrylate (TMSPMA), able to crosslink the polymer to the silica network via hydroly Read More
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Mutation Analysis Of Kras And Braf Hotspots In Moroccan Patients With Colorectal Cancer
By Hajar JaddaBackground: Oncogenic activation of the RAS/RAF signaling pathway induces resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor targeted therapies in patients with colorectal cancer. We investigated the occurrence of BRAF exon 15 and KRAS codons 12 and 13 mutations in patients with colorectal cancer. Patients and Methods: Forty-seven samples from patients with metastasic colorectal adenocarcinomas were studied f Read More
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Ability of Qatar’s native plant species to phytoremediate industrial wastewater in an engineered wetland treatment system for beneficial water re-use
Engineered wetland (EWL) is a land treatment system that utilizes natural processes to improve water quality. The EWL system consists of vegetation, aquatic organisms, soils and the associated microbes designed to assist in improving water quality through phytoremediation. Engineered wetlands are commonly utilized to improve municipal wastewater quality however, such technology is not common in treati Read More
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Matrix acid stimulation: What are the gaps to bridge from lab to field?
Acidizing core flooding experiments in carbonates are typically performed in the laboratory in order to observe different physical phenomena and to design acid stimulation jobs in the field. The experiments are usually well defined in terms of mineralogy, permeability, porosity, pressure, temperature and salinity. During the tests, key parameters are analyzed such as the pore volume of acid needed to create wormholes a Read More
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Environmentally-friendly smart coatings for materials protection: State of the art and future perspectives
More LessThe huge economic impact of the corrosion of metallic structures is a very important issue for all modern societies. Reports on the corrosion failures of bridges, buildings, aircrafts, automobiles, and gas and oil pipelines are not unusual. It is estimated that corrosion and its consequences cost developed nations between 3% and 5% of their gross domestic product. The process involving hexavalent chromates is the most ef Read More
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Constructing a green Qatar: A case study
More LessThe rapidly developing infrastructure in Qatar requires an increasing supply of quality construction materials. Qatar has limited resources of quality natural aggregate and has to import coarse aggregate for use in asphalt and concrete applications. At the same time, vast quantities of alternative and recycled aggregates are available with limited use in the construction industry. The innovative use of recycled aggregate in construc Read More
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Techno-economic assessment of CO2 Quality Effect on its Storage and Transport (CO2QUEST)
Authors: Haroun Mahgerefteh, Solomon Brown, Sergey Martynov, Michael Fairweather, Robert Woolley, Mohamed Pourkashanian, Richard Porter, Nilay Shah, Niall Mac Dowell, Heike Ruetters, Susanne Stadler, Thomas Novak, Regis Farret, Christophe Proust, Jerome Hebrard, Philippe Gombert, Celine Dupuis, Dimitrios Tsangaris, Ioannis Economou, Jeroen Van Wittenberghe, Martin Liebeherr, Dennis Van Hoecke, Joachim Antonissen, Muhammad Arafin, Jacob Bensabat, Auli Niemi, Yu Jianliang and Shaoyun ChenThe ultimate composition of the CO2 stream captured from fossil fuel power plants or other CO2 intensive industries and transported to a storage site using high pressure pipelines will be governed by safety, environmental and economic considerations. So far, most of the studies performed on this topic have been limited in scope, primarily focusing on investigating the impact of the CO2 stream impurities on each part of the Ca Read More
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Towards development of world-class standards for designing surface water infrastructure in Qatar: Derivation of design rainfalls
Authors: Abdullah Al-Mamoon, Niels E Joergensen, Ataur Rahman and Hassan QasemThe Qatar National Vision (QNV 2030) defined long-term vision of developing a world class and sustainable infrastructure network in Qatar. In order to achieve goals of QNV, Ministry of Municipality and Urban Planning (MMUP) of Qatar has carried out a comprehensive rainfall study for estimation of design rainfall for Qatar. This study is aimed at development of guidelines and standards for the design of storm and surface water in Read More
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Independent verification of fossil-fuel based CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions: Example from the Netherlands and possibilities for Qatar
Authors: Harro A.J. Meijer and Wouter PetersGrowing concern about anthropogenic influence on the climate system due to emissions of greenhouses gases into the atmosphere causes governments everywhere around the world to adopt fossil fuel use reduction policies. However, to test if various government-launched measures and incentives really are effective, the fossil fuel based CO2 emissions into the atmosphere should be independently verified. To date, in Read More
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Advanced techniques for characterization of Qatari coral physiology and health under variable environmental conditions
Authors: Nayla Mohammed Al-Naema, Suhur Saeed Cécile Richard, Edouard Hörli and Eric FebboBackground: Research at ExxonMobil Research Qatar (EMRQ) includes studies on sensitive ecosystems such as coral reefs, which are a key component of Qatar's marine environment. Understanding the potential impacts from industrial activities and changes in the natural environment, as well as the development of effective monitoring technologies are needed for environmental management of these resources. Using c Read More
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CO2 and renewable electricity as feedstock for fuels production: New pathways using existing technologies
Authors: Ruud Van Den Brink, Wim Haije and Stephane WalspurgerThe case for CO2-based fuels Coal and natural gas are still the main fuels for electricity generation. Traditional power plants have many advantages: they are very reliable and can relatively easily be ramped up and down to follow the electricity demand. However, their one disadvantage, their huge CO2 emission, is so big that they are replaced by alternatives. These alternative electricity generation sources, Read More
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Renewable energy in the GCC: Reducing the fuel and carbon footprint
Authors: Rabia Ferroukhi, Arslan Khalid and Shashi PrakashThe harsh climate of GCC, rapid industrialisation and energy subsidies have led to a per capita energy consumption that is much higher than the larger economies of the US, China and the EU. The situation is likely to become worse as more electricity, desalinated water and gasoline will be needed to fuel the ambitious national plans for industrial and economic growth. Localised shortages of natural gas already exist, and the Read More
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Isolation of promoters for specific temporal and spatial genetic engineering against nematodes (Heterodera glycines) in soybean (glycine max)
More LessNematodes cause billions of dollars of damage each year to agricultural crops worldwide. Nematicides are costly and environmentally detrimental. Crop rotation does not eliminate nematodes, but merely decreases crop damage. For successful engineering of transgenic plants for nematodes resistance, it is important to regulate plant resistance through promoters that over-express resistance genes or produce RNAi in the cor Read More
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Microbial dolomite formation in the Dohat Faishakh Sabkha, Qatar
More LessDolomite is a common sedimentary mineral in the geological record and common in hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, its origins have remained a controversial problem in sedimentology for more than 200 years. In the 1960's, the hypersaline coastal sabkha of Dohat Faishakh (Qatar) was one of the first settings recognized as a rare modern geological environment where dolomite formation occurs. Studies conducted in the Ara Read More
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Composition and origins of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coastal sediments of Qatar
More LessThe spatial distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)was investigated in sediments from 16 sites from the east coast of the Arabian Gulf of Qatar. Sixteen US-EPA priority PAHs and their alkylated homolog were determined. The highest PAHs concentrations were found in sediments inside fishing Harbors as well as at offshore locations close to an oil fields. Most inshore coastal locations showed low PAHs co Read More
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Traffic-speed pavement structural evaluation to enhance mobility and road safety
More LessPavement evaluation is performed to assess the functional and structural conditions of roadways for routine monitoring in order to select proper corrective actions. Functional condition is related to the roughness and ride quality of a highway section. Structural condition deals with a pavement's ability to withstand traffic loads and environmental conditions, which can be measured by determining material properties, l Read More
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Managing of invasive species of red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugienus)
More LessRed palm weevil-RPW (Rhynchophorus ferrugienus Olive, Coleoptera, Curculionidae) was first observed in India in 1917 as a serious pest on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). It was introduced in Arabian Gulf countries in the mid-1980s and now considered to be one of the most destructive insects on date palm. The larvae are responsible for damaging and they cause the death of palm tree. There is no data available about t Read More
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Size-dependent elemental analysis of particulate matter pollutants in the UAE
More LessWe report on the study of industrial and natural aerosol pollutants in various UAE locations. Both indoor and outdoor atmospheres were sampled at residential and work places. The eventual goal of this study is to identify potential health risks of airborne pollutants. The size-dependent distributions of various elements and source apportionment of aerosol particulate matter was determined. Sampling was done using a Read More
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Trace metals in urine of farm workers in Qatar: Health implications
By Nora KuiperHuman biomonitoring (HBM) is an emerging risk assessment tool that can be used to decipher the exposure and possible health effects of environmental chemicals. This report presents the results of a pilot HBM study involving 239 farmers in Qatar exposed to chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as other environmental contaminants associated with the rapidly growing energy industry in the country. This cross-se Read More
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New synthetic pathway for preparation of cyclic-substituted bridged bicycopentadiene derivatives
By Hind MAMLOUKSince their discovery in the 1950's, cyclopentadiene-based metallocene complexes have attracted considerable attention in biochemistry as well as in catalytic processes in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and more recently in the field of medicine as a potential treatment for cancer. Amongst them, complexes containing saturated cycles as substituents on the cyclopentadienyl ring itself (Figure 1) are particularly inter Read More
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Integrated crop and environmental management for improved productivity and food security
By Abul HudaImproved productivity requires informed decisions on a number of issues including crop, water, soil and financial risk management. In this paper, we use some case-study examples to illustrate how crop simulation models can be used to analyze the threats and opportunities arising from climate variability, climate change, and market variation for a focus crop at selected locations. We then demonstrate how this analysis c Read More
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Adaptive water resources management under global environmental change: Examples from a small semiarid Mediterranean municipal district
Authors: Ioannis Tsanis and Aristeidis G. KoutroulisClimate change is expected to have a significant impact on the hydrologic cycle, creating changes in freshwater resources. Globally, the supply of freshwater far exceeds human requirements. However, by the end of the 21st century, these requirements will begin to approach the total available water. Regionally, water demand for various sectors already exceeds supply. This will most probably get worse with increasing Read More
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Nearshore current and pollutant transport in the island of Crete
More LessThe three dimensional hydrodynamic pollutant transport model IDOR3D was used to simulate the nearshore current structure and pollutant dispersion from various sources. These sources can be municipal or industrial discharges and if are not properly designed will eventually cause environmental problems in the coastal areas. The inflows from sewage treatment plants and creeks affect the current structure within a Read More
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Impact of periodic drought stress on photosynthesis changes in Haloxylon aphyllum
More LessImpact of periodic drought stress on photosynthesis changes was examined in branchlets of Haloxylon aphyllum. Parameters F0, Fm, Fv, and the amounts of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were the traits that were measured in this experiment. Drought stress factor was considered as lack of irrigation of potted-seedlings of two haloxylon species in periods 0, 2, 4, 6... 26 and 28 days, and each drought period were repeated 6 ti Read More
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Assessment of a SIFT-based DEM extraction approach using GEOEYE-1 satellite stereo-pairs in flood mapping of an ungauged basin
Authors: Ioannis Tsanis and Ioannis N. DaliakopoulosA module for Digital Elevation Model (DEM) extraction from Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite stereo-pair imagery is developed and used for a flood plain mapping applications at an ungauged basin. A procedure for parallel processing of cascading image tiles is used for handling the large datasets requirements of VHR satellite imagery. The Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm is used to detect potentially ho Read More
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Enhanced assessment of naturally occurring tarmat in hydrocarbon reservoirs using a new laser-induced pyrolysis system
More LessStakes: Tarmat is a dark brown to black, thick, semisolid to viscous mixture of heavy hydrocarbons (bitumen) enriched in asphaltenes, that occurs naturally in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Tarmat has impact on reservoir connectivity, on petrophysical properties, on electrical logs, on hydrocarbon reserves calculation and on water flooding. Estimating the amount and the distribution of tarmat in reservoirs is key to a proper assess Read More
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LIPS: A new instrument performing high resolution core logs of organic carbon
More LessObjective: This paper describes a new pyrolysis instrument (LIPS: "Laser Induced Pyrolysis System") performing high resolution (centimetric or less) logs of organic carbon on ancient sediment cores . Stakes: the usual methods for determining the quantity of carbon in sediment samples (Rock-Eval, Leco, analysis of thin sections, etc.) are quite expensive, provide low resolution results (typically: one sample every 30cm to 2m) an Read More
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Field testing of membrane distillation for desalination of brines discharge from thermal plants
More LessMembrane Distillation (MD) is a hybrid thermal-membrane process that produces a high quality distillate from concentrated brine. It utilizes either low grade waste heat or solar energy to generate a vapor pressure difference across a hydrophobic membrane. A consortium composed of ConocoPhillips - Global Water Sustainability Center (GWSC), Qatar University (QU) and Qatar Electricity & Water Company (QEWC), was f Read More
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Zero energy and emission building laboratory Qatar: Experimental study and calorimetric measurements on building envelopes under outdoor exposure
More LessIntelligent building envelopes can significantly reduce the environmental impact of our buildings during their whole life cycle. Intelligent means that user comfort is reached through subtle use of devices to manage indoor climate (temperature, air quality, humidity and light) in the most energy-efficient way while involving outdoor conditions as suitable. A promising methodology consists in keeping the building services as basic a Read More
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Study of radioactivity levels in the marine environment along the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Qatar
More LessRadioactivity levels in the marine environment, specifically along the EEZ of Qatar have been measured. The EEZ of Qatar encompasses numerous marine resources like fisheries, corals, mangrove swamps, extensive sea grass meadows, shrimp, oyster beds and sponge, all of which needs protection and conservation. During the last 30 years, the Gulf marine environment have been subjected to several threats, especially fr Read More
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Marine environmental legislation in Qatar: Current mechanism and future challenges
More LessMarine Environmental Legislation in Qatar: Current Mechanism and Future Challenges Max-Planck Foundation, Heidelberg,Germany Omar Mohammed-Faraj, LL.M. Research Fellow The state of Qatar witnessed rapid developments in the last decade, booming economy and solid steps towards the building of a prosper state. These changes in economy and the market demands for Qatari gas and oil put the country's ma Read More
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Exploiting the potential of halophytes for third generation biofuel production
By Ajmal KhanExploiting the potential of halophytes for third generation biofuel production M. Ajmal Khan Qatar Shell Professorial Chair for Sustainable Development and Professor, Department of International Affairs, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar Author for correspondence: ajmal.khan@qu.edu.qa ABSTRACT Increasing urbanization and industrial developments are accompanying intense Read More
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Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations for CO2 - H2O - NaCl at conditions relevant to CCS processes
More LessEmissions of long-lived greenhouse gases are believed to be a major driver of climate change. Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas[1] and one of the most prominent strategies to lower its emissions is carbon capture and sequestration (CCS)[2]. CO2 can be stored in geological repositories, in which sodium chloride (NaCl) is the most common dissolved salt. For the optimum design of any CCS process, Read More
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Investigation of the mechanical and chemical properties of aluminum waste incorporated concrete
More LessPortland cement-based products (primarily concretes) are the world's most commonly used building materials, and due to its huge production world-wide, especially in developing countries like Qatar, the Portland cement industry is faced economic, energy and environmental problems, such as 7% of total world-wide CO2 emissions. For sustainable development, within the scientific community, major international concer Read More
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Molecular level simulations of clathrate hydrates: Recent progress with Monte Carlo studies
More LessHydrates are non-stoichiometric inclusion compounds that mainly consist of water molecules that form three dimensional cavities that are stabilized by entrapped guest molecules. Hydrates have been under investigation for many years due to their wide variety of applications in engineering and scientific problems. In particular, their characteristic to encage selectively large amounts of gas into the crystalline stru Read More
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Conversion of carbon dioxide to useful fuels using photoelectrochemical technology
By Dong Suk HanProduction and use of hydrocarbon energy result in enormous release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, eventually causing the global climate change. Furthermore, the world is now facing a dual energy challenge, which is to minimize use of fossil fuels to decrease the impact of CO2 on climate change while meeting the growing global energy demand. To solve these challenges, development of an innovative tech Read More
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Remote gas detection system for identifying fugitive emissions
More LessIdentifying fugitive emissions from large scale LNG and gas processing and handling facilities is a difficult time and resource intensive process. Because of the limitations of hand held gas detection devices, and the sheer size and complexity of these facilities, smaller leaks may go undetected for extended periods of time and unintended releases may occur when plant personnel are not present or the area monitor Read More
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Techniques for isolation and purification of marine microalgae from the coast of Qatar
By Sarah BachaBackground Unicellular algae, at the base of aquatic food chains, are particularly sensitive to a wide range of pollutants and are therefore important in toxicity tests for hazard assessment and aquatic environment protection. EMRQ (ExxonMobil Research Qatar) in collaboration with ESC (Environmental Studies Center, Qatar) and the Ministry of Environment, Qatar, is investigating the impact of common toxicants on the p Read More
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Effective management of future smart grids
By Linda StegWorldwide, the current energy system increasingly shows economic, social and environmental drawbacks and it does not appear to be sustainable. Among the most pressing problems are climate change due to CO2 emissions, the depletion of fossil resources, the security of energy supply, and threats to economic development. These problems can be addressed by moving towards energy systems that increasingly rely on rene Read More
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Modeling of thermodynamic derivative and transport properties of CO2 mixtures for pipeline transportation
More LessIntroduction Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) is one of the most promising technologies for the reduction of CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere. Continuous research on the topic develops methods for utilising the captured CO2 for enhanced oil and gas recovery (EOR and EGR). Through the research in this field, challenges that regard the mitigation of environmental pollutants such as CO2, as well as the increase Read More
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Integrated environmental research to support Qatar industrial development
By Eric FebboIncreasing development along the coastline and offshore Qatar results in continuous interaction between industrial activities and the biodiverse Qatar Marine Zone. Enhancing the understanding of this environment and the potential for impacts is essential to Qatar. The ExxonMobil Research Qatar (EMRQ) Environmental Management Research Program is working with local and international partners to develop the scientific k Read More
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Optimization Of Splits Spectrum And Multi-Junction Photovoltaic Cells Using Cuckoo Search Inspired Hybridization Of The Nelder- Mead Simplex Algorithm
More LessIn the recent years the performance of photo-voltaic (PV) cells has been significantly improved by using multi-cell devices. In such systems, few layers of different cells are combined to maximize the efficiency by exploiting the use of different wave lengths of light. Using this approach efficiency of over 40% has been achieved. The two most promising methods are splits spectrum and multi-junction photo-voltaic cells. W Read More
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Channel Coordination In Supply Chains Under Carbon Emission Considerations
By Adel ElomriAn increasing number of firms are integrating carbon emission concerns into their operational decision-making. Some of these actions are motivated by individual initiatives towards corporate environmentalism. While some other are driven by environmental regulation pressures. Policies such as carbon caps under the Kyoto Protocol and carbon tax have been introduced in many countries as mechanisms to induce Read More
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Developments in green sustainable data center infrastructure management (DCIM) energy tools
More LessEnergy management and reduction is one of the major challenges in the Cloud industry's data centres. The Uptime Institute's 2012 report, the industry's leading authority, highlighted the crisis in data centre energy management. 30% of data centres will run out of power, space and cooling in 2012. On average there's a 90% energy overhead in data centre operations, yet 55% of servers use less than 10% of their capacity. T Read More
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Microencapsulation for self healing of concrete
By Marwa HassanConsiderable interest has been directed in recent years toward the use of self-healing materials in concrete. The concept of microcapsule healing is based on a healing agent being encapsulated and embedded in the concrete. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of preparation parameters, namely, temperature, agitation rate, and pH on the shell thickness and size (diameter) of the microcapsules; as well as to e Read More
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A new normalized digital feedback control for grid connected distributed generation system
More LessBackground & Objectives Distributed Generation systems such as fuel cells, solar, and wind play a crucial role in producing energy with low or zero CO2 emissions and are explored for various stand-alone and grid connected applications. Inverters (conditioners) play an important role in interfacing the DG sources to the grid as they link them with controlling the power flow. Therefore, control techniques for inverters shoul Read More
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Status of worldwide renewable energy installation and guidelines for the connection of PV systems to the power grid
More LessThe increasing price of conventional fossil fuel and the need to reduce green-house gas emissions have prompted the adoption of clean electrical energy generation sources. The abundance of renewable energy, particularly solar and wind, over the world combined with increasing efficiency of the Photovoltaic (PV) cells has led to reducing cost per kWh of generated green electricity and created potential for establishing high po Read More
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