oa Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 protein: Another target for treatment of dyslipidemia? Evidence from the Myocardial Infarction Genetic Consortium and IMPROVE-IT trials

References

1. Davis HR, Zhu L-J, Hoos LM, Tetzloff G, Maguire M, Liu J, Yao X, Iyer SP, Lam MH, Lund EG, Detmers PA, Graziano MP, Altmann SW. Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) is the intestinal phytosterol and cholesterol transporter and a key modulator of whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. J. Biol. Chem. 2004; 279:32:33586–33592.
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
2. Davies JP, Levy B, Ioannou YA. Evidence for a Niemann-pick C (NPC) gene family: identification and characterization of NPC1L1. Genomics. 2000; 65:2:137–145.
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
3. Carstea ED, Morris JA, Coleman KG, Loftus SK, Zhang D, Cummings C, Gu J, Rosenfeld MA, Pavan WJ, Krizman DB, Nagle J, Polymeropoulos MH, Sturley SL, Ioannou YA, Higgins ME, Comly M, Cooney A, Brown A, Kaneski CR, Blanchette-Mackie EJ, Dwyer NK, Neufeld EB, Chang TY, Liscum L, Strauss JF 3rd, Ohno K, Zeigler M, Carmi R, Sokol J, Markie D, O'Neill RR, van Diggelen OP, Elleder M, Patterson MC, Brady RO, Vanier MT, Pentchev PG, Tagle DA. Niemann-Pick C1 disease gene: homology to mediators of cholesterol homeostasis. Science. 1997; 277:5323:228–231.
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
4. Cohen J, Pertsemlidis A, Kotowski IK, Graham R, Garcia CK, Hobbs HH. Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9. Nat. Genet. 2005; 37:2:161–165.
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
5. Garcia-Calvo M, Lisnock J, Bull HG, Hawes BE, Burnett DA, Braun MP, Crona JH, Davis HR Jr, Dean DC, Detmers PA, Graziano MP, Hughes M, Macintyre DE, Ogawa A, O'neill KA, Iyer SP, Shevell DE, Smith MM, Tang YS, Makarewicz AM, Ujjainwalla F, Altmann SW, Chapman KT, Thornberry NA. The target of ezetimibe is Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005; 102:23:8132–8137.
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
6. Ballantyne CM, Houri J, Notarbartolo A, Melani L, Lipka LJ, Suresh R, Sun S, LeBeaut AP, Sager PT, Veltri EP. Effect of ezetimibe coadministered with atorvastatin in 628 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Circulation. 2003; 107:19:2409–2415.
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
7. Ezzet F, Wexler D, Statkevich P, Kosoglou T, Patrick J, Lipka L, Mellars L, Veltri E, Batra V. The plasma concentration and LDL-C relationship in patients receiving ezetimibe. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2001; 41:9:943–949.
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
8. Davidson MH, McGarry T, Bettis R, Melani L, Lipka LJ, LeBeaut AP, Suresh R, Sun S, Veltri EP. Ezetimibe coadministered with simvastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2002; 40:12:2125–2134.
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
9. Raal FJ, Stein EA, Dufour R, Turner T, Civeira F, Burgess L, Langslet G, Scott R, Olsson AG, Sullivan D, Hovingh GK, Cariou B, Gouni-Berthold I, Somaratne R, Bridges I, Scott R, Wasserman SM, Gaudet D. PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab (AMG 145) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (RUTHERFORD-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2014; doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61399-4 October.
   [Google الباحث العلمي]
10. Robinson JG, Nedergaard BS, Rogers WJ, Fialkow J, Neutel JM, Ramstad D, Somaratne R, Legg JC, Nelson P, Scott R, Wasserman SM, Weiss R. Effect of Evolocumab or Ezetimibe Added to Moderate- or High-Intensity Statin Therapy on LDL-C Lowering in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia The LAPLACE-2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2014; 311:18:1870–1882.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
11. Kaye T. Simvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 359:5:531–532.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
12. Reiner Z, Catapano AL, De Backer G, Graham I, Taskinen MR, Wiklund O, Agewall S, Alegria E, Chapman MJ, Durrington P, Erdine S, Halcox J, Hobbs R, Kjekshus J, Filardi PP, Riccardi G, Storey RF, Wood D, European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention&Rehabilitation . ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur. Heart J. 2011; 32:14:1769–1818.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
13. Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, Bairey Merz CN, Blum CB, Eckel RH, Goldberg AC, Gordon D, Levy D, Lloyd-Jones DM, McBride P, Schwartz JS, Shero ST, Smith SC Jr, Watson K, Wilson PW. ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2014; 63:25:2889–2934.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
14. The Myocardial Infarction Genetics Consortium Investigators. Inactivating Mutations in NPC1L1 and Protection from Coronary Heart Disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2014; Epub ahead of print.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
15. Blazing MA, Giugliano RP, Cannon CP, Musliner TA, Tershakovec AM, White JA, Reist C, McCagg A, Braunwald E, Califf RM. Evaluating cardiovascular event reduction with ezetimibe as an adjunct to simvastatin in 18,144 patients after acute coronary syndromes: final baseline characteristics of the IMPROVE-IT study population. Am. Heart J. 2014; 168:2:205–12e1.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
16. http://www.cardiosource.org/science-and-quality/clinical-trials/i/improve-it.aspx?w_nav = RI.
17. Plenge RM, Scolnick EM, Altshuler D. Validating therapeutic targets through human genetics. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2013; 12:8:581–594.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
18. Ikonen E. Cellular cholesterol trafficking and compartmentalization. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Bio. 2008; 9::125–138.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]