- الرئيسية
- وقائع المؤتمر
- QScience Proceedings
- وقائع المؤتمر
Sixth International Conference on Environmental Mutagens in Human Populations
- تاريخ المؤتمر: 26-29 Mar 2012
- الموقع: Qatar National Convention Center, Doha, Qatar
- رقم المجلد: 2012
- المنشور: ٠١ مارس ٢٠١٢
101 - 107 of 107 نتائج
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Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Response To Γ-Radiation Exposure In Untreated Breast Cancer Patients
المؤلفون: Andreyan OsipovAbstractThe level of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs), DNA DSBs repair efficiency and apoptotic cell death frequency were analyzed in irradiated in vitro peripheral blood lymphocytes (γ-radiation of 60Co at dose of 1 Gy, dose-rate of 1 Gy/min) isolated from peripheral blood of 52 untreated breast cancer patients and 36 healthy donors using the DNA comet assay under nondenaturing conditions and the DNA halo assay, accordingly. The average DSB level in blood lymphocytes of breast cancer patients was shown to be significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with that in control donors. In general, the following effects were observed in irradiated in vitro lymphocytes of cancer patients: 1. increased sensitivity to γ-radiation, and 2. reduced efficiency of DNA DSBs repair. To estimate a possible impact of untargeted effects, the unirradiated cells were additionally incubated in a culture medium obtained from lymphocytes irradiated in vitro at doses of 1 Gy. Incubation of unirradiated blood lymphocytes in a medium from irradiated cells led to an increased relative number of DNA DSBs and an elevated fraction of cells dying through apoptotic pathway both in blood lymphocytes from cancer patients and control donors. However, these nontargeted effects were more pronounced for the blood lymphocytes of breast cancer patients. Summarizing the results of the study, we can conclude that the blood lymphocytes of breast cancer patients are characterized by a series of molecular and cellular features, detected by ionizing radiation exposure in vitro, in particular, increased yields of DNA DSBs, lower efficiency of DNA DSBs repair and more pronounced contribution of nontargeted effects of ionizing radiation.
A.N. Osipov, N.Yu. Vorobyeva, А.V. Аntonenko, V.V. Revin .
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Epidemiological Characteristics of Ocular Trauma in China Chaoshan area, 2001-2010: A Population-based Study
المؤلفون: Cao HeAbstractOcular trauma is a common cause of unilateral blindness and is associated with significant emotional stress, and numerous emergency department and outpatient visits. China still lacks complete eye injury epidemiological data and population-based research is rare. Our objective was to study the epidemiological characteristics of ocular trauma at major ophthalmology departments in the Chinese Chaoshan area. We studied all cases of ocular trauma admitted to three tertiary hospitals in China, between January 2001 and December 2010. Retrospectively, we reviewed for open- or closed-globe injury (OGI or CGI). The data extracted included a mix of age, sex, residence, initial and final visual acuity, cause and treatment of injury, clinical signs and diagnosis based on Ocular Trauma Classification System (OTCS) and Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT). We also referred to the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) in evaluating the final visual outcome. There were 3,644 injured eyes from 3,559 patients over the 10-year period. Of the 3,644 eyes, there were 2,008 OGI (55.1 percent), 1,580 CGI (43.4 percent), 41 chemical injuries (1.1 percent) and 15 thermal Injuries (0.4 percent).678 (18.6 percent) patients had ocular adnexal injuries. The annual hospitalized injuries incidence of ocular trauma was 5.9 per 100,000. The overall mean age of 29.0±16.8 years and male to female ratio of 5.2: 1(P = 0.007) were studied. The most frequent injury causes were work-related injuries (44.9 percent), household tool/toys injuries (16.1 percent), violence (13.7 percent) and road traffic injuries (8.9 percent). Metal fragments/nails were the most frequent inciting agents (51.4 percent) responsible for work-related eye injuries. Initial visual acuity was found to have a correlation with final visual acuity (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.659; p<0.001). OTCS was also correlated to final visual acuity (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.655; p<0.001). This analysis provides a population-based epidemiological study of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma. Workers and children were the main risk groups as the prosperity of the local plastic toys manufacturing industry. Eye injury research and prevention can be further aided by a collaborative registry of eye injuries in China.
Cao He, L P Li*, M Z Zhang .
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Sulfotransferase 1A1 (G638A) Gene Polymorphism in Sudanese Patients with Oesophageal Cancer
المؤلفون: Hanan EltahirAbstractSulfonate conjugation is an important phase II reaction in the biotransformation. SULT1A1 enzyme appears to be the principle human sulfotransferase involved in the elimination of most phenolic xenobiotics as well as bioactivation of several procarcinogens. Studies have demonstrated a large individual variation in the activity of SULT1A1, an individuals homozygotes for the SULT1A1*2 allele had only about 15 percent of the SULT activity and it may has the potential to influence individual susceptibility to chemical carcinogensis. The purpose of this hospital-based case control study was to evaluate whether SULT1A1 (G638A) polymorphism causes Arg213His amino acid change is a risk factor for oesophageal cancer in Sudan. A total of 112 patients and 194 healthy controls were included. Lifestyle information and detailed smoking histories were obtained. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes and genotyping was performed using PCR/RFLP analysis. Our finding showed that the frequency of the SULT1A1*2 (His) allele was 17.9 percent in cases and 14.9 percent in controls. Multivariant logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between SULT1A1*2/*2 genotype and oesophageal cancer risk (OR=3.7, P= 3.7, CI= 0.33 - 41.5). We concluded that SULT1A1 (G638A) polymorphism is not a risk factor for oesophageal cancer in Sudan.
H. B. Eltahir, C. Dandara, M. I. Parker, M. E. Ahmed, S. S. Fedail, A.O.Mohamed .
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The Effective Afghanistan National Army and School System Education
المؤلفون: Michael Juan DeguzmanAbstractTo effectively implement a nationwide Afghanistan education system and education of the Afghanistan National Army. Existing teaching methods from the American school system could easily be implemented by having school officials, educators and students held accountable by making advancement measurable without using large sums of money. As I have experienced in the field as a member of the U S Army Embedded Training Team, Camp Mike Spann mentoring staff of the MazarE Sharif Regional Afghanistan Army Hospital from July 2008 to July 2009, the main problem was that we almost always handed out sums of money to entice the staff to co-operate which often results in lack of motivation due to the knowledge that funds are already earmarked for their benefit. By witholding these funds until progress is made, the Afghan staff are made accountable to make strides forward and learn from their mentors. By recipients being accountable and using other countries' resources, I was able to command the Regional Afghan Army Hospital at Mazar E Sharif to follow set rules and make significant learning and knowledge in the field of emergency medicine, without an additional cost of funding which was often practiced without marked improvements in personnel qualification. By just implementing the serious approach that financial aid is tied to measurable accomplishment in skill proficiency, the money used to aid the Afghan Army and the nationwide Afghanistan school system was put to good use and it significantly reduced the abuse of precious financial resources.
Chief Petty Officer Michael Juan A Deguzman, United States Navy, Education and Training Mentor, Embedded Training Team/Expeditionary Advisor, Medevac Coordinator, Logistics Mentor, July 2008-July 2009, MazarE Sharif, Camp Mike Spann. .
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First Steps Towards a Comprehensive Marine Chemical Cartography for Qatar: The Distribution and Impact of Chemical Toxins at the Base of the Food Pyramid
المؤلفون: Shana JacobAbstractUntreated wastewater is known to cause environmental problems such as the cost to coral reefs, tourism and losses in fisheries. In addition, the incorporation of pollutant chemicals to marine life can have detrimental effects on human health. This is particularly true of marine algae which are eaten by fish which are then consumed by the human population. Samples of two species of algae (Chaetomorpha linum and Hormophysa triquetra) collected off the coast of Um Bab and Fuwairit, Qatar, were compared for fatty acid profiles. The two locations are known to have different environmental pollution conditions due to the location of Ras Laffan close to Fuwairit and no significant industry close to Um Bab. It was hypothesised that changes in environmental toxins would result in differing fatty acid profiles within the same species of algae. In addition, detection of halogenated fatty acids was attempted. In order to test this, efforts were made to break down the algae cell walls, extract lipids and break down the lipids into fatty acids. These fatty acids were analysed by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF). The analysis resulted in a large data set of fatty acids and a great deal of variation was seen in the same species of algae from different locations. Correlation and anomaly analysis suggests that this will be a powerful technique in Marine Chemical Cartography, with both immediate significance, and in the establishment of a novel analytical technology. This study proposes that a greater survey of marine plants and animals in the waters of Qatar would be useful in determining the health risks of a population highly dependent on the food and water of its seas.
Dr Shana Jacoba, Amira Al-Jabirya, Dr Jassim Al-Khayatb, Dr Hala Al-Easab
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Environmental Risk Factors for Malignant Melanoma in Transylvania, Romania
المؤلفون: Liana Monica DeacAbstractMalignant melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer in the whole world and its incidence has increased in all ages of population in recent decades. In Transylvania, Romania the incidence for the disease has increased during the last two years to 24 per 100,000. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more effective public health and earlier diagnosis programs that can reduce the morbidity and mortality of malignant melanoma. A retrospective epidemiologic study was conducted between 2008 -2010 at 250 persons (ages 18-70 ) with malignant melanoma to identify the most important environmental risk factors for the illness. Subjects were interviewed face-to-face in their homes. The roles of constitutional factors and benign nevi in causation of malignant melanoma were also examined. Malignant melanoma was most common in people over 40 and in those younger than 45, women had higher incidence rates than men. High, intermittent exposure to solar UV was a significant risk factor for the development of malignant melanoma. Tanning beds, represented a risk that increased cancer incidence by 75 percent, no matter what age, genetic makeup or gender. People at 35 or younger who used the beds regularly had a risk eight-fold higher than people who had never used tanning beds. Occupational exposure to radiation and some chemicals (vinyl chloride, biphenyls, and petrochemicals) was associated with increased risk for the disease. People who worked or spent lots of leisure time outside were at increased risk too. Also individuals who lived at higher elevations (mountainous regional parts) were also at greater risk because the atmosphere is thinner and does not filter UV rays so well. A role for heredity in determining melanoma risk is suggested by familial concurrence of the disease. Epidemiological data strongly implicates sunlight as the principal environmental cause of malignant melanoma. Exposure to high levels of sunlight and sunburn doubles the risk of developing the disease. Wearing protective clothing can block out UV rays as well as the adaptation of certain lifestyle changes.
Key Words: Malignant Melanoma / Risk factors
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Apoptosis, Cytogenetic and Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Peripheral Blood among group of Industrial Radiographers
المؤلفون: Soheir KorraaAbstractWorkers in the nuclear industry are a suitable population for the direct estimation of radiation effects at low doses: they form large, relatively stable populations with relatively well-measured and well-recorded external radiation doses. The aim of the present study is to detect the circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in peripheral blood and frequency of micronuclei (FMN) among industrial radiographers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Accordingly, venous blood samples were obtained from 40 industrial radiographers exposed to x-ray during industrial procedures vs. 20 persons not exposed to ionizing radiation as controls. Blood samples were assayed for total and differential blood count and cell phenotype of circulating EPCs, whose surface markers were identified as the CD34, CD133 and kinase domain receptor (KDR), FMN and apoptosis percentage . Also plasma stromal cell derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) vere also identified. Results showed a significant increase in circulating EPCs, SDF-1α, VEGF, FMN and apoptosis percentage among industrial radiographers compared to normal subject control. It is concluded that the industrial radiographers have increased numbers of circulating EPCs and accordingly, increased capacity for tissue repair.
Soheir Korraa*, Mohamed Saied* and Mona Yousri**
*Department of Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology – Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt
**Department of Clinical Pathology – Faculty of Medicine – Al Azhar University
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