1887
  1. الرئيسية
  2. وقائع المؤتمر
  3. QScience Proceedings
  4. وقائع المؤتمر

International Meeting on Advanced Technologies in Energy and Electrical Engineering

  • تاريخ المؤتمر: 22–23 Nov 2018
  • الموقع: Fez, Morocco
  • رقم المجلد: 2020
  • المنشور: ١٧ يناير ٢٠٢٠

21 - 28 of 28 نتائج

    • Photovoltaic solar system contribution to electricity production in the Algerian residential sector

      المؤلفون: Samah Mehira and Aicha Boussoualim
      https://doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2019.imat3e2018.23

      Energy efficient management is one of the main problems that the world is currently facing due to the scarcity of natural resources. In Algeria, As shown in Figure 1, most of the energy consumption is devoted to fuel energy: oil, natural gas and coal.

      The residential sector represents the most energy-consuming sector in terms of its use for heating and cooling. Indeed, it is one of the main factors affecting energy expenditure and greenhouse gas emissions. In Algeria, this sector is considered as one of the most energy-intensive sectors and consumes more than 35% of the total final energy, as indicated in Figure 2.

      In this context, the construction of a zero energy building has become a necessity to control energy consumption in the residential sector. Our aim is to develop alternatives to reduce this energy consumption and to minimise the use of non-renewable energies (fuel energies) which is the main factor in the Algerian economy.

      Renewable energies can be a new source of energy for the country’s economy and an alternative for electricity production, especially solar photovoltaic energy, as shown in Figure 3.

      Algeria has an extremely high solar potential. The quality of Algerian solar radiation allows Algeria to rank among the three countries with the best solar resources in the world, with an annual sunshine of more than 3,500 hours and an irradiation of 4 to 7 kWh/m2/day [3].

      The national energy policy recommends increasing the contribution of renewable energies in the energy balance; the objective is to achieve a contribution of around 6% in the balance of electricity production by 2020 through photovoltaic, solar thermal and wind energy sectors in favour of the launch of several programmes [3].

      Our objective is to define the impact of grid-connected or isolated solar photovoltaic systems on electricity production in the residential sector in Algeria. Our research will contribute to the implementation of an environmental approach to reduce energy consumption in the residential buildings in order to obtain a building that produces as much energy as it consumes by using selfconsumption and solar energy.

    • Solar photovoltaic emulation under partial shading conditions

      https://doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2019.imat3e2018.24

      For the sake of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and contributing significantly to climate change mitigation, many researchers and experts endeavored to enhance the research and development in renewable energies as an inescapable solution to lower the use of conventional power generation resources. Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy being one of the important green alternatives has increased interest in recent years [1]. Nonetheless, its dependence on the environmental conditions hinders PV researchers to carry out their experiences at the desired weather parameters of temperature (T) and solar insolation (G), beside the inefficiency and the less flexibility of using real PV modules with controllable light source to perform tests of PV algorithms such as Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques, microgrid and energy storage mechanisms[2], [3]such as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT. Thus, PV array emulator has been invented to deal with these impediments and to substitute efficiently the use of actual PV modules in laboratory tests by producing similar PV characteristics and replicating the electrical behavior of PV sources [2]such as the maximum power point tracking (MPPT. Beside emulating PV modules under varying climatic conditions, the emulation of PV array under partial shading conditions becomes a crucial field of research especially for the purpose of using PV array emulator for the validation of Global Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT) techniques, which are considered nowadays as a big challenge for PV researchers [4], [5]. This paper attempts to design a PV source emulator based essentially on DC-DC buck converter in the power part and Look-Up-Table (LUT) technique with an adaptive Proportional Integrator (PI) controller in the control part as depicted in figure 1. The emulation system is able to emulate accurately the PV array under partial shading conditions.

    • Leaky wave Antenna for mobile phones

      https://doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2019.imat3e2018.25

      Millimeter wave (mm-wave) is today’s breakthrough frontier for emerging wireless mobile cellular networks, wireless local and personal area networks, simultaneous energy/data transfer, wearable networks, vehicular communications and radar. Directive antennas emerge as a key component in most of these applications driven by the requirement to meet stringent link budget specifications and/or provide good imaging resolution. Many practical scenarios, (requiring e.g. continuous service when an obstacle blocks the line of sight, tracking of mobile terminals placed on a moving vehicle or scanning within a given field of view) further poses the need for antennas with beam-steering capabilities. Coupled with commercial viability constraints, the development of mm-wave directive antenna systems with beam-steering capabilities that also maintain compatibility with low-cost mass-manufacturing process and easy integration with the front-end has emerged as a key challenge for both communication and sensing applications.

      Among the traditional in-package directive antenna solutions, phased arrays involve a cumbersome feeding network which is impractical for mass-market mm-wave applications. Reflector and lens antenna architectures, although compatible with a simpler feeding network, are bulky and typically require mechanical reconfiguration to perform beam scanning, adding significant complexity and cost, increase power consumption and significantly limiting the scanning speed.

    • Fuzzy state and output feedback - control for vehicle lateral dynamics

      https://doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2019.imat3e2018.26

      Research related to the active control systems which improve the stability and the performance of vehicles in critical driving situations has experienced tremendous progress during the last years. Some of the systems have already been installed in passenger cars (ABS, ESP, ACC …). However, these systems can be further improved using advanced estimation and control design methods [1]. The main goal is still to produce comfortable and safe vehicles. In this work, we study a quadratic stabilization conditions for Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy control systems, applied to the vehicle lateral dynamics. Stability conditions are represented in the form of LMIs. Hence, we will compare two types of control, to stabilize the dynamics of the vehicle. The first one is the control based on the output feedback, and the second one is the control based on the reconstructed state feedback.

      The movement of the vehicle is defined by a set of translations and rotational movements, generally comprised of six main movements; but in this study, we will focus on the vehicle lateral dynamics 2DOF, which can be described by the following equations:

      The difficulty of obtaining a correct vehicle model is that the contact forces are difficult to measure and to model, using the method based on TS models proposed in [2], which are a very interesting mathematical representation of nonlinear systems, because they allow representing any nonlinear system, by a simple structure based on linear models.

      The characteristics of the tires are generally assumed that the rear and front lateral forces are modeled with the magic formula as given in [3]. The overall forces are obtained by:

      where Cfi, Cri are the front and rear tire cornering stiffness, respectively, which depend on the road friction coefficient and the vehicle parameters.

      Using (2) to approximate the lateral cornering forces, the T-S model can be written in the following form:

      As a conclusion, in this study, two types of stabilization conditions for vehicle lateral dynamics are presented. The first is for fuzzy state feedback stabilization problem and the second is for fuzzy static output feedback stabilization problem. The first control law gives results more relaxed. However, in real-world control problems, the states may not be completely accessible. In such situations, one needs to resort to output feedback design methods. Fuzzy static output feedback control is the most desirable since it can be implemented easily with low cost. Nevertheless, the fuzzy static output feedback stabilization problem of TS fuzzy systems is rarely investigated because it is quite hard theoretically for TS fuzzy systems but useful and very important in practice.

    • An optimal design for a MOS varactor using artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

      https://doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2019.imat3e2018.27

      Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) are critical blocks in circuits such as the Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) used in telecommunication systems [1]. Some characteristics of a VCO, like low phase noise or high quality factor performances, depend on the characteristics of the varactors. To have powerful features, the VCO requires an optimal design of the varactors. For this purpose, we use the EKV transistor model [2] as an analytical simulation model for the C-V characteristics of the varactor and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm [3] as an optimization tool.

      Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is nature-inspired metaheuristic, which imitates the foraging behavior of bees, and we chose it over other metaheuristic because it is easy to implement, has fewer control parameters, and could be easily modified and hybridized with other metaheuristic algorithms. The ABC consists of three groups of artificial bees: employed bees, onlookers and scouts.

      The onlooker bees select a food source with the probability given in (1):

      In order to produce a candidate food position from the old one, the ABC uses the following expressions (2) and (3):

      The circuit that we use in our work is an inversion mode NMOS varactor [4] as shown in the MOS transistor in Fig.1. Hence, in order to evaluate the quality of the varactor design, an objective function which represent the quality factor (Q) is defined in the following expression:

      The total varactor capacitance can be determined by:

      And

      With W is the transistor width, L is the transistor length and N$ is the number of fingers, should be optimized in order to maximize the quality factor Q.

      The following table shows the optimization results given by the ABC technique and a comparison with the already published work results. Figures 2 show the C-V characteristics of the varactor under the ADS tools for 1.0 GHz and the figure 3 the simulation of the Q factor.

      The optimization values obtained using ABC method are similar to those obtained using the evolutionary algorithm (GA) [5] with a slightly higher coefficient of quality factor.

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