1887
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care
  4. Volume 2024, Issue 2
  5. Article
2 - Unified National Conference of Iraqi Dental Colleges (UNCIDC)
  • ISSN: 1999-7086
  • EISSN: 1999-7094

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting children, characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behavior. Consanguineous marriages increase the likelihood of discovering recessive conditions and promoting gene expression, leading to autosomal recessive disorders. Immunity also plays a vital role in autism development, with changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations or synthesis indicative of aberrant cellular immunity. This research aims to determine the effects of consanguinity on autism, measure interferon-gamma salivary levels, and examine the relationship between autistic subjects’ dental health condition and caries occurrence.

Forty autistic children were divided into mild, moderate, and severe categories according to their symptoms and social impairments. The oral investigation involved calculating decayed, missing, and filled teeth and simplified oral hygiene indices. Salivary samples were collected via the drooling technique, and salivary interferon-gamma levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Consanguineous marriage was significant in the patient group, and salivary interferon-gamma levels were considerably elevated. A higher occurrence of dental caries was detected in autistic individuals. As disease severity increases, dental caries and oral health conditions also worsen.

Consanguinity increases the incidence of autism due to the likelihood of recessively inherited congenital abnormalities. Autism has higher levels of interferon-gamma, which play a role in the condition’s pathophysiology. Additionally, inadequate oral health was noticed in autistic children.

© 2024 Al-Demirchi, Alghurabi, Abdulhussein, Al-Anssari, Licensee HBKU Press.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2024.uncidc.2
2024-01-30
2024-07-05
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jemtac/2024/2/jemtac.2024.uncidc.2.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2024.uncidc.2&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Zhao H, Zhang H, Liu S, Luo W, Jiang Y, Gao J. Association of Peripheral Blood Levels of Cytokines With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Jul 2; 12::670200. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.670200.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Roy N, Ghaziuddin M, Mohiuddin S. Consanguinity and Autism. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020 Jan 13; 22:(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1124-y.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bittles A. Consanguinity and its relevance to clinical genetics. Clin Genet. 2001 Aug; 60:(2):89-98. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600201.x.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Noriega DB, Savelkoul HF. Immune dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder. Eur J Pediatr. 2014 Jan; 173:(1):33-43. doi: 10.1007/s00431-013-2183-4.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Pecorelli A, Cervellati F, Belmonte G, Montagner G, Waldon P, Hayek J, et al. Cytokines profile and peripheral blood mononuclear cells morphology in Rett and autistic patients. Cytokine. 2016 Jan; 77::180-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.10.002.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Bhat MY, Solanki HS, Advani J, Khan AA, Keshava Prasad TS, Gowda H, et al. Comprehensive network map of interferon gamma signaling. J Cell Commun Signal. 2018 Dec; 12:(4):745-751. doi: 10.1007/s12079-018-0486-y.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Anders PL, Davis EL. Oral health of patients with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review. Spec Care Dentist. 2010 May-Jun; 30:(3):110-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2010.00136.x.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Bödecker CF. The modified dental caries index. J Am Dent Assoc. 1939; 26::1453–60.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. GREENE JC, VERMILLION JR. THE SIMPLIFIED ORAL HYGIENE INDEX. J Am Dent Assoc. 1964 Jan; 68::7-13. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1964.0034.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Navazesh M. Methods for collecting saliva. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993 Sep 20; 694::72-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18343.x.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).
  12. Mamidala MP, Kalikiri MK, Praveen Kumar PT, Rajesh N, Vallamkonda OR, Rajesh V. Consanguinity in India and its association with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res. 2015 Apr; 8:(2):224-8. doi: 10.1002/aur.1431.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. El-Ansary A, Al-Ayadhi L. Neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorders. J Neuroinflammation. 2012 Dec 11; 9::265. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-265.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Masi A, Quintana DS, Glozier N, Lloyd AR, Hickie IB, Guastella AJ. Cytokine aberrations in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2015 Apr; 20:(4):440-6. doi: 10.1038/mp.2014.59.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Sweeten TL, Posey DJ, Shankar S, McDougle CJ. High nitric oxide production in autistic disorder: a possible role for interferon-gamma. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Feb 15; 55:(4):434-7. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.09.001.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Jaber MA. Dental caries experience, oral health status and treatment needs of dental patients with autism. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011 May-Jun; 19:(3):212-7. doi: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000300006.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Daneshvar SH, Kavianfar A, Masoomi SH, Daneshvar MMJCDJ. Comparison of Oral Health Status and Behaviors Between Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Healthy Children in Rasht City, Iran. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. 2020; 23:(1):37-43. doi: 10.7126/cumudj.638071.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. J U, M M V, J P, Srinivasan I. Autism Disorder (AD): An Updated Review for Paediatric Dentists. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Feb; 8:(2):275-9. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/7938.4080.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Al-Rawi NA. Caries-experience, dental wearing and enamel developmental defect among autistic children aged 4-6 years. 2011 Jan 1; 24:(1):52–5.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Rashid MH, Al-Jubouri RH. Assessment of serum and salivary oxidative stress biomarkers with evaluation of oral health status in a sample of autistic male children. 2011 Jan 1; 23:(3):56-60.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Al-Fatlawi AHF, Radhi NJMh. Salivary Physicochemical Characteristics in Relation to Oral Health Status among Institutionalized Autistic Adolescents in Baghdad, Iraq. Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry. 2017 Sep; 29:(3):68–74. doi: 10.12816/0041183.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Murshid E. Oral health status, dental needs, habits and behavioral attitude towards dental treatment of a group of autistic children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J. 2005; 17:(3):132-139.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Al-Yassiri AMH, Abdul-ZahraaMahdi K. The presence of orofacial manifestations in autistic disorders among group of children’s samples in Babil and Najaf cities, Iraq. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 2015; 5:(6):487-490.
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2024.uncidc.2
Loading
Evaluation of the Influence of Consanguinity and the Role of IFN-γ in Autistic Children, as well as Disease Severity and Oral Health Status
Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care 2024, 2 (2024); https://doi.org/10.5339/jemtac.2024.uncidc.2
/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2024.uncidc.2
/content/journals/10.5339/jemtac.2024.uncidc.2
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Keyword(s): Autism spectrum disorder, consanguinity and interferon-gamma

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error