1887
Volume 2005, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 0253-8253
  • E-ISSN: 2227-0426

ملخص

In the early 1980s, patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) had a doomed prognosis. Severe renal failure developed within five years of the onset of proteinuria.[1] The mortality was 53%, with 59% of deaths attributable to renal failure. There is no doubt that this devastating complication of diabetes has caused immeasurable human suffering and enormous healthcare costs.

Loading

جارٍ تحميل قياسات المقالة...

/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2005.1.6
٢٠٠٥-٠٦-٠١
٢٠٢٤-١٠-٠٦
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Kussman MJ, Goldstein HH, Gleason RE. The clinical course of diabetic nephropathy. JAMA. 1976; 236:16:18611863.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  2. Burns KD. Angiotensin II and its receptors in the diabetic kidney. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000; 36:3:449467.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  3. Miller JA. Impact of hyperglycemia on the renin angiotensin system in early human type-1 diabetes mellitus. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999; 10::17781785.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  4. Mizuiri S, Yoshikawa H, Tanegashima M, Miyagi M, Kobayashi M, Sakai K, Hayashi I, Aikawa A, Ohara T, Hasegawa A. Renal ACE immunohistochemical localization in NIDDM patients with nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998; 31::301307.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  5. Hollenberg NK, Fisher ND, Price DA. Pathways for angiotensin II generation in intact human tissue evidence from comparative pharmacological interruption of the rennin system. Hypertension. 1998; 32::387392.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  6. Hollenberg NK. Implications of species differences for clinical investigation: studies on the rennin angiotensin system. Hypertension. 2000; 35::150154.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  7. Ritz E. Chymase: a potential culprit in diabetic nephropathy? J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003; 14::19521954.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  8. Ruggenenti P, Mosconi L, Sangalli F, Casiraghi F, Gambara V, Remuzzi G, Remuzzi A. Glomerular size selective dysfunction in NIDDM is not ameliorated by ACE inhibition or by calcium channel blockade. Kidney Int. 1999; 55::984994.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  9. Zatz R, Dunn BR, Meyer TW, Anderson S, Rennke HG, Brenner BM. Prevention of diabetic glomerulopathy by pharmacological amelioration of glomerular capillary hypertension. J Clin Invest. 1986; 77::19251930.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  10. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, Rohde RD, for the Collaborative study group . The effect of Angiotensinconverting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329::14561462.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  11. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, Berl T, Pohl MA, Lewis JB, Ritz E, Atkins RC, Rohde R, Raz I, for the Collaborative study group . Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist Irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type-2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345::851860.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  12. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, Zeeuw DD, Keane WF, Mitch WE, Parving HH, Remuzzi G, Snappin SM, Zhang Z, Shahinfar S. for the RENAAL study investigators. Effects of Losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type-2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345::861869.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  13. Strippoli GFM, Craig M, Schena FP, Craig JC. Improved survival with ACE inhibitors compared with angiotensin II receptor antagonists in patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003; 14::6A.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  14. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation study investigators. The effect of Ramipril on cardiovascular and micro vascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: result of the HOPE study and the MICRO-HOPE sub study. Lancet. 2000; 355::253259.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  15. Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, Rouleau JL, Kober L, Maggioni AP, Solomon SD, Swedberg K, Van de Werf F, White H, Leimberger JD, Henis M, Edwards S, Zelenkofske S, Sellars MA, Califf RM, for the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction trial investigators . Valsartan, Captopril or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med. 2003; 349::18931906.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  16. McMurray JJ, Ostergren J, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Held P, Mychelson EL, Oloffson B, Yusuf S, Pfeffer MA, for the CHARM investigators and committees . Effects of Candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced leftventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-convertingenzyme inhibitors: The CHARM-Added trial. Lancet. 2003; 362::767771.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  17. Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlof B, Devereux B, Beevers G, deFaire U, Fyhrquist F, Julis S, Kjeldsen SE, Kristiansson K, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Nieminen MS, Omvik T, Oparil S, Wedel H, Aurup T, Edelman J, Snapinn S, for the LIFE study group . Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomized trial against Atenolol. Lancet. 2002; 359::10041010.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  18. Parving HH, Lenhert H, Brochner-Mortenson J, Gomis R, Andersen S, Arner P, for the Irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria study group . The effect of Irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345::870878.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  19. Panos J, Michelis MF, DeVita MV, Lavie RH, Wilkes BM. Combined converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin receptor blockade reduce proteinuria greater than converting enzyme inhibition alone: insights into mechanism. Clinical Nephrology. 2003; 60:1:1321.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  20. Mogensen CE, Neldam S, Tikkanen I, Oren S, Viskoper R, Watts RW, Cooper ME. Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: the candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria (CALM) study. BMJ. 2000; 321:7274:14401444.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  21. Jacob sen P, Andersen S, Jensen BR, Parving HH. Additive effect of ACE inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockade in type-1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003; 14::992999.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  22. Jacobsen P, Andersen S, Rossing K, Jensen BR, Parving HH. Dual blockade of the rennin-angiotensin system versus maximal recommended dose of ACE inhibition in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2003; 63::18741880.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  23. Smith PK, Fairley KF, Packham D. Dual blockade of the rennin-angiotensin system compared with a 50% increase in the dose of angiotensin -converting enzyme inhibitor: effects on proteinuria and blood pressure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004; 19:9:22722274.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  24. Mau Pedersen M, Schmitz A, Pedersen EB, Danielsen H, Christiansen JS. Acute and long-term renal effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in normotensive, normoalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetic Med. 1988; 5::562569.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  25. Schrier RW, Estacio RO, Esler A, Mehler P. Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes. Kidney Int. 2002; 61::10861097.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  26. Diabetes control and complications Trial research group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in Insulin-dependentdiabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329::977986.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  27. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) group. Intensive blood glucose control with sulfonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risks of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998; 352::837853.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  28. Schrier RW, Estacio RO, Esler A, Mehler P. Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes. Kidney Int. 2002; 61::10861097.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
  29. Gaede P, Vadel P, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Intensified multifactorial intervention in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria: Steno type 2 randomized study. Lancet. 1999; 353::617622.
    [Google الباحث العلمي]
/content/journals/10.5339/qmj.2005.1.6
Loading
  • نوع المستند: Review Article

الأكثر اقتباسًا لهذا الشهر Most Cited RSS feed

هذه الخانة مطلوبة
يُرجى إدخال عنوان بريد إلكتروني صالح
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error