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Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care - الأعداد السابقة

Volume 2024, Issue 8

المجلد 2024, العدد 8

  • Conference Paper

      • Neutrophil extracellular traps behaviors in periodontitis: A mini review

        https://doi.org/10.5339/jemtac.2024.midc.2

        Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease brought on by a state of imbalance between the gingival microbiome and the immune responses of the host. Neutrophils are the key cells that play an important role in fighting pathogenic microorganisms in infectious disorders, either by killing them within the cell or secreting antimicrobials attached to large web-like structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) through a cell death process known as NETosis. Formation of NETs is important for maintaining homeostasis in periodontal tissues and improvement of health. In periodontitis, an immune-based inflammation impedes NETs formation or causes its destruction, thereby enabling inflammation to progress and destroy periodontal tissues.

        Polymorphonulear neutrophils (PMNs) inhibit microorganisms and decrease inflammation by secreting of NETs into the pocket environment. Conversely, elevated NET levels can elicit an inflammatory response and provide an environment that is favorable for pathogenic bacteria. NETs biomarkers may prove to be helpful in the diagnosis of periodontitis. However, it is necessary to make future research on the specific mechanism of NETs and the exact interaction between a single bacterium and NETs.

      • Diagnostic ability of salivary TNF-α and RANKL to differentiate periodontitis from periodontal health (case-control study)

        https://doi.org/10.5339/jemtac.2024.midc.5
        Background

        Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation affecting the tooth-supporting periodontal tissues. It is diagnosed by measuring periodontal parameters. However, documenting this data takes effort and may not discover early periodontitis. Biomarkers may help diagnose and assess periodontitis. This study aimed to evaluate the potential diagnostic of the salivary tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and receptor-activator of nuclear factor ĸ-B-ligand (RANKL) in distinguishing between periodontitis and healthy periodontium.

        Methods

        The selected sample size consisted of 88 subjects; it was divided into two groups: 44 subjects in the periodontitis group and 44 subjects in the healthy group. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from participants. Demographic data and clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. ELISA was used for the quantification of levels of TNF-α and RANKL.

        Results

        Both TNF-α and RANKL concentrations showed statistically significant differences when comparing healthy to periodontitis (p < 0.01). The sensitivity of RANKL was found to be perfect (1.00), while its specificity was high (0.92) and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.985. On the other hand, TNF-α displayed high sensitivity (0.976) and good specificity (0.893), with an AUC of 0.973.

        Conclusion

        Salivary RANKL and TNF-α showed high diagnostic precision and hold potential as helpful instruments for the timely identification and distinction of periodontal diseases (PDs), presenting opportunities for enhanced management of PD and patient welfare.

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